Current and Future Applications of Distributed Acoustic Sensing as a New
Reservoir Geophysics Tool

Li, Meng; Wang, Hua; Guo, Tao

doi:10.2174/1874834101508010272

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) has been widely applied in various applications such as structural health monitoring [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], intrusion detection [ 5 , 6 ] and geological hazard monitoring [ 7 , 8 ] due to its high sensitivity and distributed measurement ability. In recent years, it has also been innovatively proposed to be used in the field of optical networks [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Space-Division Multiplexing Method for Fading Noise Suppression in the Φ-OTDR System

Zhang

Liu

Xiong

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Phase-sensitive time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) can be used for fully distributed long-distance vibration monitoring. There is a fading phenolmenon in the Φ-OTDR, which will cause the signal intensity somewhere to be too low to extract the phase of the signal without distortion. In this paper, the Φ-OTDR based on space-division multiplexing (SDM) is proposed to suppress fading and we used multi-core optical fiber (MCF) to realize SDM. While inheriting the previous optimization strategy, we proposed a strategy based on frequency spectral similarity to process multiple independent signals obtained by SDM. And we compared the two methods. Through the experiments, the distortion rate can be reduced from an average level of 9.34% to less than 2% under continuous running of 270 s, which proves that SDM is a reliable technical route to achieve fading suppression. This method can effectively improve the fading suppression capability of the existed commercial systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Space-Division Multiplexing Method for Fading Noise Suppression in the Φ-OTDR System

Zhang

Liu

Xiong

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Applications of DAS technology have been explored most thoroughly for oil and gas applications (Cannon & Aminzadeh, 2013; Li et al, 2015). More recently, it has been adopted for monitoring geothermal reservoirs where the temperature resistance of cables holds a unique advantage over electronic sensors (Paulsson et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Acoustic Sensing as a Distributed Hydraulic Sensor in Fractured Bedrock

Becker

Coleman²,

Ciervo

2020

Water Resources Research

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Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) was originally intended to measure oscillatory strain at frequencies of 1 Hz or more on a fiber optic cable. Recently, measurements at much lower frequencies have opened the possibility of using DAS as a dynamic strain sensor in boreholes. A fiber optic cable mechanically coupled to a geologic formation will strain in response to hydraulic stresses in pores and fractures. A DAS interrogator can measure dynamic strain in the borehole, which can be related to fluid pressure through the mechanical compliance properties of the formation. Because DAS makes distributed measurements, it is capable of both locating hydraulically active features and quantifying the fluid pressure in the formation. We present field experiments in which a fiber optic cable was mechanically coupled to two crystalline rock boreholes. The formation was stressed hydraulically at another well using alternating injection and pumping. The DAS instrument measured oscillating strain at the location of a fracture zone known to be hydraulically active. Rock displacements of less than 1 nm were measured. Laboratory experiments confirm that displacement is measured correctly. These results suggest that fiber optic cable embedded in geologic formations may be used to map hydraulic connections in three-dimensional fracture networks. A great advantage of this approach is that strain, an indirect measure of hydraulic stress, can be measured without beforehand knowledge of flowing fractures that intersect boreholes. The technology has obvious applications in water resources, geothermal energy, CO 2 sequestration, and remediation of groundwater in fractured bedrock. Plain Language Summary A technology developed for measuring vibrations on fiber optic cable, distributed acoustic sensing, is used to measure strain in bedrock in response to pumping and injection. This technology is extremely sensitive to dynamic strain, measuring displacements approaching the size of a water molecule. Field tests showed that fluid-induced strain in rock exhibits complex geometry. The technology can be used to better understand flow in bedrock, optimize geothermal energy extraction, and identify leakage from subsurface injection systems.

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“…Especially when applied in the oilfield, with harsh environment of high temperature and pressure, one can adopt the pre-installed optical fiber or optimize the optical fiber to meet special requirements. In this scenario, field tests of DAS applied in vertical seismic profile, micro-seismic monitoring, hydraulic fracturing monitoring, and reservoir surveillance have been reported [14,15]. Jousset et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Improvement of Dual-Pulse Heterodyne Distributed Acoustic Sensor for Sound Detection

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Phase fading is fatal to the performance of distributed acoustic sensors (DASs) influencing its capability of distributed measurement as well as its noise level. Here, we report the experimental observation of a strong negative correlation between the relative power spectrum density (PSD) at the heterodyne frequency and the noise floor of the detected phase for the heterodyne demodulated distributed acoustic sensor (HD-DAS) system. We further propose a weighted-channel stack algorithm (WCSA) to alleviate the phase fading noise via an enhancement of the relative PSD at the heterodyne frequency. Experimental results show that the phase noise of the demodulated signal can be suppressed by 13.7 dB under optimal condition. As a potential application, we exploited the improved HD-DAS system to retrieve a piece of music lasted for 205 s, demonstrating the reliability of detecting wideband sound signal without distortion.

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Current and Future Applications of Distributed Acoustic Sensing as a New Reservoir Geophysics Tool

Cited by 39 publications

References 25 publications

A Space-Division Multiplexing Method for Fading Noise Suppression in the Φ-OTDR System

A Space-Division Multiplexing Method for Fading Noise Suppression in the Φ-OTDR System

Distributed Acoustic Sensing as a Distributed Hydraulic Sensor in Fractured Bedrock

Performance Improvement of Dual-Pulse Heterodyne Distributed Acoustic Sensor for Sound Detection

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