Current and emerging therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) affects 1 in 23 males and 1 in 25 females, making it the third most common cancer. With roughly 608000 deaths worldwide, CRC accounts for 8% of all cancer-related deaths, making it the second most common cause of death due to cancer. Standard and conventional CRC treatments include surgical expurgation for resectable CRC and radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and their combinational regimen for non-resectable CRC. Despite these tactics, nearly half of patients develop incurable recurring CRC. Cancer cells resist the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs in a variety of ways, including drug inactivation, drug influx and efflux modifications, and ATP-binding cassette transporter overexpression. These constraints necessitate the development of new target-specific therapeutic strategies. Emerging therapeutic approaches, such as targeted immune boosting therapies, non-coding RNA-based therapies, probiotics, natural products, oncolytic viral therapies, and biomarker-driven therapies, have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. We tethered the entire evolutionary trends in the development of CRC treatments in this review and discussed the potential of new therapies and how they might be used in conjunction with conventional treatments as well as their advantages and drawbacks as future medicines.

RAS/RAF/MAPK Pathway Mutations as Predictive Biomarkers in Middle Eastern Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

“…For advanced or mCRC, systemic therapies such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy (eg, anti-EGFR or anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti-VEGF) agents), and immunotherapy (eg, checkpoint inhibitors) are commonly used methods. 127 …”

Practical Consensus Guidelines for the Use of S-1 in GI Malignancies

“…This is good news for patients with GI malignancies—whose incidence is increasing, effective systemic therapy needs improvement and application of emerging approaches has the potential to improve outcome. 3 44 45 46 For instance, the incidence of DPD/DPYD is sufficiently high in India to factoring that possibility in the decision-making process, while prescribing 5FU or its analogues (including capecitabine & tegafur). 47 48 The higher incidence of HFS among patients being treated with capecitabine also makes S-1 safer and patient friendly.…”

Emerging molecules, tools, technology, and future of surgical knife in gastroenterology

“…Drugs such as tasins, statins, and azithromycin act on APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) mutated cells which further leads to apoptosis of mutated cells. Similarly, drugs acting on other genetically mutated cells like KRAS/MEK/BRAF, SMAD 4/CDC4 and P53 are likely to have a strong future potential impact on the surgical treatment of similar abdominal diseases[ 18 ]. Biomarker-driven therapy may have the potential to treat abdominal cancer with surgery being reserved for complications such as bleeding, acute obstruction, and perforation.…”