Current Advances of Hollow Capsules as Controlled Drug Delivery Systems

Qin

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

Hollow‐structured nanomaterials (HSNMs) have attracted increased interest in biomedical fields, owing to their excellent potential as drug delivery systems (DDSs) for clinical applications. Among HSNMs, hollow multi‐shelled structures (HoMSs) exhibit properties such as high loading capacity, sequential drug release, and multi‐functionalized modification and represent a new class of nanoplatforms for clinical applications. The remarkable properties of HoMS‐based DDS can simultaneously satisfy and enhance DDSs for delivering small molecular drugs (e.g., antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and imaging agents) and macromolecular drugs (e.g., protein/peptide‐ and nucleic acid‐based drugs). First, the latest research advances in delivering small molecular drugs are summarized and highlight the inherent advantages of HoMS‐based DDSs for small molecular drug targeting, combining continuous therapeutic drug delivery and theranostics to optimize the clinical benefit. Meanwhile, the macromolecular drugs DDSs are in the initial development stage and currently offer limited delivery modes. There is a growing need to analyze the deficiency of other HSNMs and integrate the advantages of HSNMs, providing solutions for the safe, stable, and cascade delivery of macromolecular drugs to meet vast treatment requirements. Therefore, the latest advances in HoMS‐based DDSs are comprehensively reviewed, mainly focusing on the characteristics, research progress by drug category, and future research prospects.

Section: Features Of Homs‐based Ddssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow Nanomaterials in Advanced Drug Delivery Systems: From Single‐ to Multiple Shells

Qin

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

“…Because of the targeting, the non-specific uptake of drugs in this site is reduced. Meanwhile, since the drugs are stored in the internal cavity of the hollow structures, the barrier of the outer shell is beneficial in further reducing the leakage of drugs [94]. Also, the outer shell layer interacts with biological components such as proteins on the cells through modification, which can determine the biodistribution and pharmacokinetic behavior of the drugcarrying system in vivo, avoiding a large amount of uptake by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) [95].…”

Section: Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow structures as drug carriers: Recognition, response, and release

Yang

et al. 2021

Nano Res.

Hollow structures have demonstrated great potential in drug delivery owing to their privileged structure, such as high surface-to-volume ratio, low density, large cavities, and hierarchical pores. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of hollow structured materials applied in targeting recognition, smart response, and drug release, and we have addressed the possible chemical factors and reactions in these three processes. The advantages of hollow nanostructures are summarized as follows: hollow cavity contributes to large loading capacity; a tailored structure helps controllable drug release; variable compounds adapt to flexible application; surface modification facilitates smart responsive release. Especially, because the multiple physical barriers and chemical interactions can be induced by multishells, hollow multishelled structure is considered as a promising material with unique loading and releasing properties. Finally, we conclude this review with some perspectives on the future research and development of the hollow structures as drug carriers.

“…Since the repair of severe injuries takes a long time and is often accompanied by an inflammatory response, maintaining appropriate long-term concentrations of anti-inflammatory drugs and pro-regenerative biochemical factors in situ can significantly improve repair. , Therefore, designed and fabricated biomaterials can be used for the bulk storage of multiple drugs, highlighting the promise of this field of regenerative medicine. , However, the commonly used methods for loading substrate drugs are direct component mixing or surface modification, which have limitations, such as burst drug release and low drug loading. A substrate with a hollow structure that acts as a drug reservoir would be a reasonable option for increasing drug storage capacity. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Hollow Micropatterns via Capillarity-Driven Assembly for Drug Storage and Neural Cell Alignment

Wang

Zhang

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

et al. 2023

Electrical conductivity, cell-guided surface topology, and drug storage capacity of biomaterials are attractive properties for the repair and regeneration of anisotropic tissues with electrical sensitivity, such as nerves. However, designing and fabricating implantable biomaterials with all these functions remain challenging. Herein, we developed a freestanding graphene substrate with micropatterned surfaces by a simple templating method. Importantly, the raised surface micropatterns had an internal hollow structure. The morphology results showed that the template microgroove width and the graphene nanosheet size were important indicators of the formation of the hollow structures. Through real-time monitoring and theoretical analysis of the formation process, it was found that the main formation mechanism was the delamination and interlayer movement of the graphene nanosheets triggered by the evaporation-induced capillary force. Finally, we achieved the controlled release of loaded microparticles and promoted the orientation of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons by applying an electric field to the hollow micropatterns. This capillarity-induced self-assembly strategy paves the way for the development of high-performance graphene micropatterned films with a hollow structure that have potential for clinical application in the repair of nerve injury.