Current advances in the novel functions of hypoxia‐inducible factor and prolyl hydroxylase in invertebrates

Abstract

Oxygen is essential for aerobic life, and hypoxia has very severe consequences. Organisms need to overcome low oxygen levels to maintain biological functions during normal development and in disease states. The mechanism underlying the hypoxic response has been widely investigated in model animals such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a key gene product in the response to oxygen deprivation, is primarily regulated by prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs). However, recent findings have uncovered novel HIF-independent functions of PHDs. This review provides an overview of how invertebrates are able to sustain hypoxic damages, and highlights some recent discoveries in the regulation of cellular signalling by PHDs. Given that some core genes and major pathways are evolutionarily conserved, these research findings could provide insight into oxygen-sensitive signalling in mammals, and have biomedical implications for human diseases.

Modified Atmosphere Does Not Reduce the Efficacy of Phytosanitary Irradiation Doses Recommended for Tephritid Fruit Flies

“…The radioprotective effect of low oxygen treatments in fruit fly third instars irradiated with sublethal doses observed in our study may be explained by the activation of highly conserved cellular mechanisms in response to hypoxia [44]. In general, insects exposed to functional hypoxia-a condition characterized by the inadequate oxygen supply to meet the ATP demands of an organism despite compensations [45], can use acute and chronic cellular responses to prevent damage due to oxygen deprivation [46].…”

Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration under hypoxia and increased antioxidant activity after reoxygenation of Tribolium castaneum

“…Organisms have evolved special strategies to resist environmental stresses due to hypoxia and thus remain alive [ 1 , 33 ]. When T .…”

“…Oxygen is essential for aerobic life to maintain normal energy production and homeostasis. Hypoxia, defined as a pathological condition in which the body or a part of the body is deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen, can have severe consequences for organisms [ 1 ]. It damages lipids, inhibits protein synthesis [ 2 ], and increases oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 3 ].…”

Hypoxic environment protects cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) from electron beam irradiation damage

“…Hypoxia/reoxygenation process has been shown to impact cellular levels of trehalose, NADPH, vitellogenins, metallothionems and molecular chaperones such as heat shock proteins, which may contribute to subsequent eBeam irradiation tolerance. Some hypoxia‐induced transcription factors such as nuclear factor‐erythroid 2 p450‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), tumor protein p53, forkhead box O (FoxO) and hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1) control antioxidant gene expression. It would be interesting to determine how these transcription factors are regulated by oxidative stresses.…”