Current advances in additive manufacturing

Pérez, Mercedes López; Carou, Diego; Rubio, E.; Teti, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.procir.2020.05.076

Cited by 93 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) is a digital manufacturing process, in which the materials are added layer by layer to create 3D objects directly from the computer-aided design (CAD) models [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. 3D printing has gained significant popularity in the last two decades due to a number of appealing advantages such as the limitless design freedom and capability to produce low cost and multifunctional objects with highly delicate/complex structures in a short period of time [ 9 ]. For example, 3D printing of concrete materials possesses the potential to reduce construction waste by 30–60%, labour cost by 50–80%, and construction time by 50–70% [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D/4D Printing of Polymers: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and Stereolithography (SLA)

et al. 2021

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Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing is a digital manufacturing process and offers virtually limitless opportunities to develop structures/objects by tailoring material composition, processing conditions, and geometry technically at every point in an object. In this review, we present three different early adopted, however, widely used, polymer-based 3D printing processes; fused deposition modelling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and stereolithography (SLA) to create polymeric parts. The main aim of this review is to offer a comparative overview by correlating polymer material-process-properties for three different 3D printing techniques. Moreover, the advanced material-process requirements towards 4D printing via these print methods taking an example of magneto-active polymers is covered. Overall, this review highlights different aspects of these printing methods and serves as a guide to select a suitable print material and 3D print technique for the targeted polymeric material-based applications and also discusses the implementation practices towards 4D printing of polymer-based systems with a current state-of-the-art approach.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, 3D printing has become a suitable manufacturing technique in both rapid prototyping as well as in various engineering fields such as mechanical engineering, civil engineering, aerospace, electronics, biomedical, etc. [ 5 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D/4D Printing of Polymers: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and Stereolithography (SLA)

et al. 2021

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“…In recent years, 3D printing and additive manufacturing (AM) of concrete have gained considerable recognition because they enable the fabrication of structures from digital models [ 1 , 2 ]. The use of 3D printing techniques in the construction industry has the potential to increase automation [ 3 ], minimise material waste [ 4 ], and reduce labour requirements [ 5 , 6 ]. Moreover, 3D printing of construction materials may dramatically change conventional construction methods by permitting the adoption of advanced digital modelling practices in structural design and construction [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing Parameter Requirements for 3D Printable Geopolymer Materials Prepared from Industrial Side Streams

2021

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The objective of this investigation is to study the printing parameter requirements for sustainable 3D printable geopolymer materials. Side streams of the paper, mining, and construction industries were applied as geopolymer raw materials. The effect of printing parameters in terms of buildability, mixability, extrudability, curing, Al-to-Si ratio, and waste materials utilisation on the fresh and hardened state of the materials was studied. The material performance of a fresh geopolymer was measured using setting time and shape stability tests. Standardised test techniques were applied in the testing of the hardened material properties of compressive and flexural strength. The majority of developed suitable 3D printable geopolymers comprised 56–58% recycled material. Heating was used to improve the buildability and setting of the material significantly. A reactive recyclable material content of greater than 20% caused the strength and material workability to decrease. A curing time of 7–28 days increased the compressive strength but decreased the flexural strength. The layers in the test samples exhibited decreased and increased strength, respectively, in compressive and flexural strength tests. Geopolymer development was found to be a compromise between different strength values and recyclable material contents. By focusing on specialised and complex-shape products, 3D printing of geopolymers can compete with traditional manufacturing in limited markets.

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“…Additive manufacturing has opened up new possibilities for designing new lattice architecture. Additively manufactured lattices have demonstrated high energy absorption performance that scales exponentially with the relative density in the order of 2.5–3 [ 11 ]. Recently, there has been a rise in novel lattice design works.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Hierarchical Architected Lattices for Enhanced Energy Absorption

Nashar

Sutradhar

2021

Materials

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Hierarchical lattices are structures composed of self-similar or dissimilar architected metamaterials that span multiple length scales. Hierarchical lattices have superior and tunable properties when compared to conventional lattices, and thus, open the door for a wide range of material property manipulation and optimization. Using finite element analysis, we investigate the energy absorption capabilities of 3D hierarchical lattices for various unit cells under low strain rates and loads. In this study, we use fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing to fabricate a dog bone specimen and extract the mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) 85A with a hundred percent infill printed along the direction of tensile loading. With the numerical results, we observed that the energy absorption performance of the octet lattice can be enhanced four to five times by introducing a hierarchy in the structure. Conventional energy absorption structures such as foams and lattices have demonstrated their effectiveness and strengths; this research aims at expanding the design domain of energy absorption structures by exploiting 3D hierarchical lattices. The result of introducing a hierarchy to a lattice on the energy absorption performance is investigated by varying the hierarchical order from a first-order octet to a second-order octet. In addition, the effect of relative density on the energy absorption is isolated by creating a comparison between a first-order octet lattice with an equivalent relative density as a second-order octet lattice. The compression behaviors for the second order octet, dodecahedron, and truncated octahedron are studied. The effect of changing the cross-sectional geometry of the lattice members with respect to the energy absorption performance is investigated. Changing the orientation of the second-order cells from 0 to 45 degrees has a considerable impact on the force–displacement curve, providing a 20% increase in energy absorption for the second-order octet. Analytical solutions of the effective elasticity modulus for the first- and second-order octet lattices are compared to validate the simulations. The findings of this paper and the provided understanding will aid future works in lattice design optimization for energy absorption.

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Current advances in additive manufacturing

Cited by 93 publications

References 40 publications

3D/4D Printing of Polymers: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and Stereolithography (SLA)

3D/4D Printing of Polymers: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and Stereolithography (SLA)

Printing Parameter Requirements for 3D Printable Geopolymer Materials Prepared from Industrial Side Streams

Design of Hierarchical Architected Lattices for Enhanced Energy Absorption

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