Current Advances in 3D Dynamic Cell Culture Systems

Abstract

The traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture methods have a long history of mimicking in vivo cell growth. However, these methods cannot fully represent physiological conditions, which lack two major indexes of the in vivo environment; one is a three-dimensional 3D cell environment, and the other is mechanical stimulation; therefore, they are incapable of replicating the essential cellular communications between cell to cell, cell to the extracellular matrix, and cellular responses to dynamic mechanical stimulation in a physiological condition of body movement and blood flow. To solve these problems and challenges, 3D cell carriers have been gradually developed to provide a 3D matrix-like structure for cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and communication in static and dynamic culture conditions. 3D cell carriers in dynamic culture systems could primarily provide different mechanical stimulations which further mimic the real in vivo microenvironment. In this review, the current advances in 3D dynamic cell culture approaches have been introduced, with their advantages and disadvantages being discussed in comparison to traditional 2D cell culture in static conditions.

Mesenchymal stem cells paracrine proteins from three‐dimensional dynamic culture system promoted wound healing in third‐degree burn models

“…The dynamic culture system could provide fluid shear force, achieve better nutrient exchange and promote cell proliferation and maintain stem cell bioactivates. 27 In the present study, MSC could grow on PGM-HA and maintain its stem cell properties with enough nutrition supply generated by a 3D dynamic culture system. Despite stem cell properties, optimizing stem cell metabolism was an important issue.…”

Rat liver extracellular matrix and perfusion bioreactor culture promote human amnion epithelial cell differentiation towards hepatocyte-like cells

“…Furthermore, the media perfusion and the shear stress resulting from it promote the maturation of cells and tissues in vitro by enhancing nutrient and waste transportation and by providing flow-mediated mechanical stimuli. [44][45][46] The nature and characteristics of the cells seeded in a 3D scaffold are essential features to be considered when generating a bioengineered liver tissue. The liver cells have been for long the elective choice, due to the swinging results reported so far using different pluripotent and multipotent stem cells to generate functional HLC.…”

Advances in the application of extracellular vesicles derived from three-dimensional culture of stem cells

“…Scaffold-based 3D cell culture uses scaffolds to simulate extracellular matrix components, providing structural and mechanical support for cell culture [ 70 ], as well as promoting cell attachment and growth [ 97 ]. These scaffolds can be classified into three types: natural scaffolds, synthetic scaffolds and hybrid scaffolds [ 98 ].…”