Current (2009) State-of-the-Art Hydrogen Production Cost Estimate Using Water Electrolysis

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doi:10.2172/1218930

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…A key opportunity for raising the efficiency ceiling in PV systems lies in replacing single-junction devices with tandem cells optimized for water oxidation and hydrogen production. This approach could give efficiencies approaching 40% (free energy basis) as overvoltages approach zero (19,23). Further increases in PV efficiencies might be obtained by devices that use the blue and near-UV region of the solar spectrum more effectively or the energy of the sub-bandgap IR photons.…”

Section: Improved System Design Raising Theoretical Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Photosynthetic and Photovoltaic Efficiencies and Recognizing the Potential for Improvement

Blankenship

Tiede

Barber

et al. 2011

Science

1,436

1,109

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Comparing photosynthetic and photovoltaic efficiencies is not a simple issue. Although both processes harvest the energy in sunlight, they operate in distinctly different ways and produce different types of products: biomass or chemical fuels in the case of natural photosynthesis and nonstored electrical current in the case of photovoltaics. In order to find common ground for evaluating energy-conversion efficiency, we compare natural photosynthesis with present technologies for photovoltaic-driven electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen. Photovoltaic-driven electrolysis is the more efficient process when measured on an annual basis, yet short-term yields for photosynthetic conversion under optimal conditions come within a factor of 2 or 3 of the photovoltaic benchmark. We consider opportunities in which the frontiers of synthetic biology might be used to enhance natural photosynthesis for improved solar energy conversion efficiency.

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Section: Improved System Design Raising Theoretical Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Photosynthetic and Photovoltaic Efficiencies and Recognizing the Potential for Improvement

Blankenship

Tiede

Barber

et al. 2011

Science

1,436

1,109

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show abstract

“…Electrolyzers based on a polymer membrane separator are also commercial and are said to give comparable cost numbers for the produced hydrogen. 16 These units have also precious metal catalysts and operate at substantially higher current densities. The electrolyzer with the higher current density may not point to the more effective efficiency but rather to the one with the higher capital cost.…”

Section: Economicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electricity from wind is assumed to be produced at 53 $/MWh. 16 We assume an intermittency factor of f = 0.5, although this factor 15 The resistance is taken to be 1 ohm-cm 2 . (Divisek et al 13 Estimates show that U. S. wind resources could provide more than 1.1 TW (average).…”

Section: Windmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first two operate at about 80 • C and are credited with having comparable overall costs, despite their differences in process chemistry. 16 The last, which operates at 700 to 1000 • C, is too immature to be compared with the first two. PEM electrolyzers use precious-metal catalysts (perhaps in oxide form) and have expensive membranes and bipolar separator plates, while alkaline cells use mainly nickel.…”

Section: Electrolyzersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: An Economic Perspective on Liquid Solar Fuels

Newman

Hoertz

Bonino

et al. 2012

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Liquid solar fuels can be produced using a modular approach. A simplified economic analysis is used to evaluate the cost for making diesel and other fuels. In each reaction scheme, water is converted to hydrogen electrochemically, which is later converted to a liquid fuel by the Fischer-Tropsch method. Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, provide power to each process in its entirety. Furthermore, costs for photoelectrochemical cells, a developing hydrogen-production technology, are estimated and compared with electrolyzer costs at optimized current densities. This approach for evaluating renewable liquid fuels can be customized as new technologies develop and cost estimates evolve. One way to address the large capital costs associated with a large-scale conversion to renewable fuels is for the government to establish a guaranteed market to buy such fuels in an amount comparable to the needs of the military. This would also help the United States meet its own mandate for a 50% conversion of the fleet to nonfossil fuels by 2021.

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“…Note that 1 kg hydrogen is approximately equal to the energy contained in a gallon of gasoline, or gallon gasoline equivalent (gge). While these project results do not achieve the $3/gge cost target, two external independent review panels commissioned by DOE concluded that distributed natural gas reformation could lead to a cost range of $2.75-$3.50/kg [7] and distributed electrolysis could lead to $4.90-$5.70/kg [8]. Therefore, this objective was met outside of the Learning Demonstration project using distributed natural gas reforming.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Hydrogen Sales Data at Hydrogen Charging Stations

Kim¹,

Jeon²,

Jyung³

2023

KHNES

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Vehicle Driving Range: In FY 2008, the driving range of the project's FCEVs was evaluated based on fuel economy from dynamometer testing (EPA adjusted) and on-board hydrogen storage amounts and compared to the 250-mile target. The resulting second-generation vehicle v driving range from the four teams was 196-254 miles, which met DOE's 250-mile range target. In June 2009, an on-road driving range evaluation was performed in collaboration with Toyota and Savannah River National Laboratory. The results indicated a 431-mile on-road range was possible in southern California using Toyota's FCHV-adv fuel cell vehicle [5]. More recently, the significant on-road data that have been obtained from second-and first-generation vehicles allowed a comparison of the real-world driving ranges of all the vehicles in the project. The data show that there has been a 45% improvement in the median distance between fueling events of second-generation vehicles (81 miles) as compared to first-generation vehicles (56 miles), based on actual distances driven between more than 25,000 fueling events. Over the last two years, we saw a continuation of this trend, with a median distance between fuelings of 98 miles, which is a 75% improvement over the first-generation vehicles. Obviously the vehicles are capable of two to three times greater range than this, but the median distance travelled between fuelings is one way to measure the improvement in the vehicles' capability, driver comfort with station location and availability, and how they are actually being driven.On-Site Hydrogen Production Cost: Cost estimates from the Learning Demonstration energy company partners were used as inputs to an H2A analysis [6] to project the hydrogen cost for 1,500 kg/day early market fueling stations. H2A is DOE's suite of hydrogen analysis tools, with the H2A Production model focused on calculating the costs of producing hydrogen. Results from version 2.1 of the H2A Production model indicated that on-site natural gas reformation could lead to a cost range of roughly $8-$10/kg and on-site electrolysis could lead to a hydrogen cost of $10-$13/kg. Note that 1 kg hydrogen is approximately equal to the energy contained in a gallon of gasoline, or gallon gasoline equivalent (gge). While these project results do not achieve the $3/gge cost target, two external independent review panels commissioned by DOE concluded that distributed natural gas reformation could lead to a cost range of $2.75-$3.50/kg [7] and distributed electrolysis could lead to $4.90-$5.70/kg [8]. Therefore, this objective was met outside of the Learning Demonstration project using distributed natural gas reforming. Summary of Results:We have summarized the previously discussed key performance numbers, along with other metrics of interest such as fuel economy and fuel cell efficiency, and compared them to DOE targets in Table ES-2. The table shows that this project has exceeded the expectations established in 2003 by DOE, with all of the key targets being achieved except for on-site hydrogen prod...

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Current (2009) State-of-the-Art Hydrogen Production Cost Estimate Using Water Electrolysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Comparing Photosynthetic and Photovoltaic Efficiencies and Recognizing the Potential for Improvement

Comparing Photosynthetic and Photovoltaic Efficiencies and Recognizing the Potential for Improvement

Review: An Economic Perspective on Liquid Solar Fuels

Analysis of Hydrogen Sales Data at Hydrogen Charging Stations

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