Currency as fomites?

Sv, Jalgaonkar; Agrawal, Gopal Nandlal; Rahangdale, Vaishali; Kokate, SB

doi:10.4103/0970-0218.35669

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…are among the organisms isolated from the currency notes. 6 The highest number of the presence of Escherichia coli and Coagulase negative Staphylococci have been reported in currency notes. 7 Acid-fast bacilli are also isolated from currency notes in circulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial contamination of Pakistani currency notes from hospital and community sources

Ejaz¹,

Javeed²,

Zubair³

2018

Pak J Med Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective:We determined the bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance profile of circulating Pakistani currency notes collected from hospital and community sources.Methods:This prospective study was organized from July to December 2015 in the Microbiology Department of The Children’s Hospital and The Institute of Child Health Lahore. It was done on one hundred currency notes of four different denominations collected from various groups of people in sterile polythene bags. Gram staining, colony morphology and various biochemical tests were used to identify the bacterial isolates. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was used to observe the antibacterial drug resistance.Results:There were 11 different types of bacterial species which contaminated 97 (97%) currency notes. The bacterial isolates discovered from paper currency notes included Klebsiella spp. (26.0%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) (18.3%), E. coli (14.5%), Pseudomonas spp. (13.7%), Citrobacter spp. (11.5%), Enterobacter spp. (5.3%), Acinetobacter spp. (5.3%), Streptococcus spp. (2.3%), Shigella spp. (1.5%), Salmonella spp. (0.8%) and Pantoea spp. (0.8%). Most of the Gram-positive isolates were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. None of the Gram-negative isolates found to be resistant to amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam and piperacillin-tazobactam.Conclusion:The currency notes circulating in hospital and community are contaminated with highly pathogenic and some multi-drug resistant bacteria. These currency notes could be a potential source of nosocomial and community-acquired infections.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial contamination of Pakistani currency notes from hospital and community sources

Ejaz¹,

Javeed²,

Zubair³

2018

Pak J Med Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to [8,23], As shown in Fig. 2, each paper currency was soaked separately in a test tube containing 10 ml of sterile buffered peptone water.…”

Section: Isolation and Characterizations Of Bacterial Isolatementioning

confidence: 99%

Public Awareness and Precautionary Measures for Disease Transmission Prevention: A Microbial Evaluation of Ethiopian Paper Currency in Circulation in Arba Minch Town, SNNPR

Delisho,

Gorfu,

Yambo

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Money bills are handled by the public every day, which means they can carry microorganisms that can be passed from person to person through direct contact. This study aims to assess the public awareness and evaluate the bacterial contamination on Ethiopian paper currency in circulation in Arba Minch Town, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the microbiology and parasitology laboratory at Arba Minch University, Ethiopia. A total of 150 Ethiopian paper currency samples were collected aseptically from different sectors in Arba Minch town for microbial analysis. Results The most common microorganisms isolated from the samples were gram-positive bacteria, with yeast being the least common. These microorganisms were identified as klebissela spp, E. coli, Streptococcus spp, Bacillus spp, Aspergillus spp, and Staphylococcus aureus based on their characteristics observed through phenotypic, microscopic, and biochemical analysis. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. were evaluated, and both showed higher sensitivity to Vancomycin and Tetracycline antibiotics. Similarly, Klebsiella spp showed higher sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin while exhibiting a lower sensitivity rate (6.6667%) to Ampicillin. In contrast, Ampicillin showed higher activity on the E. coli isolates. Regarding the transmission of diseases through paper currency, a significant majority of participants (79.8%) were aware of the associated risk. However, it is worth noting that more than half of the participants (53.9%) reported that they do not take any precautions after handling paper currency. Conclusion Overall, the study confirms that paper bills are a suitable environment for bacterial growth and could potentially contribute to infections. Therefore, it emphasizes the importance of raising awareness about the potential risks associated with mishandling paper currency in all food establishments.

show abstract

Currency as fomites?

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Bacterial contamination of Pakistani currency notes from hospital and community sources

Bacterial contamination of Pakistani currency notes from hospital and community sources

Public Awareness and Precautionary Measures for Disease Transmission Prevention: A Microbial Evaluation of Ethiopian Paper Currency in Circulation in Arba Minch Town, SNNPR

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About