Curing rate effects on the toughness of epoxy polymers

Incerti, Daniele; Wang, T.; Carolan, Declan; Fergusson, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.008

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Due to the exothermicity, the temperature of the resin increases, and subsequently, the crosslinking rate raises up in an autocatalytic process. In fact, it is important to control the released heat as in some times it can degrade (even burn) the resin leading to a counterproductive effect on final properties [41]. In order to obtain a cured thermosetting with optimal properties, the knowledge of the kinetics is essential [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Analysis of the Curing of a Partially Biobased Epoxy Resin Using Dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry

et al. 2019

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This research presents a cure kinetics study of an epoxy system consisting of a partially bio-sourced resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with amine hardener and a biobased reactive diluent from plants representing 31 wt %. The kinetic study has been carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under non-isothermal conditions at different heating rates. Integral and derivative isoconversional methods or model free kinetics (MFK) have been applied to the experimental data in order to evaluate the apparent activation energy, Ea, followed by the application of the appropriate reaction model. The bio-sourced system showed activation energy that is independent of the extent of conversion, with Ea values between 57 and 62 kJ·mol−1, corresponding to typical activation energies of conventional epoxy resins. The reaction model was studied by comparing the calculated y(α) and z(α) functions with standard master plot curves. A two-parameter autocatalytic kinetic model of Šesták–Berggren [SB(m,n)] was assessed as the most suitable reaction model to describe the curing kinetics of the epoxy resins studied since it showed an excellent agreement with the experimental data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Analysis of the Curing of a Partially Biobased Epoxy Resin Using Dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry

et al. 2019

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“…It is extensively used in coatings, adhesives, molding compounds, packaging for electronic devices, automobile materials, and fiber-reinforced composites. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Uncured epoxy resin initially has poor mechanical properties as well as poor chemical and thermal resistance. When epoxy resin reacts with a suitable curing agent, a three-dimensional cross-linked network structure is obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and application of thermal latent initiators of epoxy resins: A review

Chen

Chu

Zhao

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Epoxy resin, which is extensively used in civil and industrial applications, shows excellent comprehensive performance, especially as a polymer matrix used in fiber-reinforced composites. A thermal latent initiator, used as an epoxy curing agent, has high storage stability and is widely applied in the preparation of epoxy-based blends and fiber-reinforced composites. In this review, the basic properties of epoxy resins and commonly used curing agents are discussed while progress on the synthesis of thermal latent initiators is reviewed in detail. Moreover, the curing mechanisms, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of epoxy resins with thermal latent initiators are also discussed.

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“…However, there are some limiting factors for the processing and application of aramids (aromatic polyamides) (e.g., extremely high glass‐transition temperatures and poor solubility in commonly used organic solvents). These problems have been resolved in the synthesis of semi‐aromatic polyamides . Polyamides are also used as curing agents for epoxy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These problems have been resolved in the synthesis of semiaromatic polyamides. [16][17][18][19][20][21] Polyamides are also used as curing agents for epoxy. They improve the mechanical properties but compromise on the thermal stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of amine‐terminated additives on thermal and mechanical properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured epoxy

Baig

Akram

Zia

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The present work accounts for the influence of aromatic amide oligomers on the inherent brittleness of cured epoxy. Aromatic and aliphatic amine‐terminated amide oligomers have been prepared by condensation polymerization using isophthaloyl dichloride and two different amines. The oligomers have been characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and wide angle X‐ray diffraction analysis. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) is cured with a diamine (4,4′‐oxydianiline) by using different weight ratio of oligomers. The FTIR of cured epoxy shows ring opening by the disappearance of oxirane ring peak at 913 cm−1, whereas X‐ray diffraction shows its amorphous phase in the cured state. The thermogravimetric analysis of the resultant composites shows that the thermal stability slightly decreases (467–454 °C) with increasing the oligomer content from 5 to 25 wt %, whereas the mechanical parameters (Young's modulus, tensile strength, impact strength, and elongation at break) increase with increase in the oligomer content. DMA shows lower tanδ values for aliphatic amine‐terminated oligomers for cured epoxy. Two‐phase surface morphology is observed through scanning electron microscopy. Owing to their high mechanical and thermal properties, aromatic amides have observed to greatly influence the mechanical properties of cured epoxy, particularly its brittleness. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48404.

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Curing rate effects on the toughness of epoxy polymers

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

Kinetic Analysis of the Curing of a Partially Biobased Epoxy Resin Using Dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Kinetic Analysis of the Curing of a Partially Biobased Epoxy Resin Using Dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Synthesis and application of thermal latent initiators of epoxy resins: A review

Influence of amine‐terminated additives on thermal and mechanical properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured epoxy

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