Curing of epoxy/carbon nanotubes physical networks

Chapartegui, M.; Markaide, Nerea; Flórez, Sonia; Elizetxea, Cristina; Fernández, Mercedes; Santamarı́a, Anton

doi:10.1002/pen.22131

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The functional groups on the surface of unmodified and functionalized MWCNTs were investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). FTIR characterization was conducted in the frequency range of 4000-650 cm 21 with the resolution of 4.0 cm 21 . The structural quality of MWCNTs was examined using Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman).…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The curing behavior of epoxy composites filled with unmodified and functionalized MWCNTs was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (TA Instrument, model 2910 DSC). The nonisothermal scanning experiments were performed at different heating rates of 3, 5, 10, and 208C min 21 . A full temperature scan was performed between 30 and 3508C under nitrogen atmosphere at a flow rate of 50 ml min 21 .…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CNTs were dispersed in ethanol with 0.4 mg ml 21 via ultrasonication for 30 min and dispersibility was then observed at different time intervals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S3400) was carried out to study the dispersion of unmodified and functionalized MWCNTs in epoxy matrix.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were loaded in ceramic pans and then heated to 8008C at 108C min 21 under air and nitrogen atmosphere at 100 ml min 21 flow rate. The curing behavior of epoxy composites filled with unmodified and functionalized MWCNTs was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (TA Instrument, model 2910 DSC).…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct functionalization with 3,5-substituted benzoic acids of multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites

2013

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Directly functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (BTC) and 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (DAB) were successfully accomplished with less structural damage as confirmed by XPS and FT-Raman results. Their dispersibility and thermal stability were achieved after the functionalization. The functional groups on MWCNT surfaces can accelerate the curing reaction of epoxy composites remarkable inducing rather low exothermic peak temperature (T p ) and exothermic heat of reaction (DH). The values of activation energy (E a ) obtained from Kissinger and Ozawa methods obviously decreased with the introduction of MWCNTs, especially DAB-MWCNTs. The dynamic mechanical properties notably enhanced with the incorporation of unmodified and functionalized MWCNTs. The crosslink density (q) increased and free volume fraction (f g ) decreased, resulting in dramatic increase of glass transition temperatures (T g ) and decrease of coefficient of thermal expansion. Additionally, epoxy composites exhibited low dielectric constant close to that of neat epoxy resin. From these remarkable properties, MWCNT/epoxy composites can be considered as a good candidate for high performance insulation materials. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 53:2194-2204, 2013 ª 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers INTRODUCTIONMulti-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) are one of the most attractive reinforcing fillers in the polymer composite systems due to the exceptional characteristic of MWCNTs including nanostructure, high aspect ratio, and intensively outstanding thermomechanical and thermal properties. Furthermore, MWCNTs exhibit extremely powerful performance with very low weight compared with various engineering materials, for example, MWCNTs are many times stronger than steel, though three to five times lighter [1]. Therefore, the incorporation of MWCNTs into the polymer matrix has been proposed for high performance and light-weight composites. The degree of dispersion of MWCNTs is an important role to realize the MWCNT reinforced polymer composites [2][3][4][5]. Generally, MWCNTs are hardly dispersed in any solvents, especially in viscous polymers, because of their high aspect ratio and high surface area. MWCNTs tend to agglomerate, bundle together and entangle. Besides, the interfacial interaction between CNT and polymer matrix is a critical issue for load transfer and heat transfer in polymer composite systems. Therefore, an approach to take advantage of their properties as predicted, achieving individual tube dispersion and good interfacial interaction between MWCNT and polymer matrix, is a challenge for MWCNT/polymer composites.MWCNTs were usually treated in harsh reaction conditions in strong acids like nitric acid and sulfuric acid and/or their mixtures at elevated temperatures [6,7]. The carboxylic groups and oxygen containing groups were introduced onto MWCNT surface facilitating further modification [8][9][10]. The defects on the sidewall of MWCNTs such as opening, breaking, and turning into amorphous carbon are initially ...

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Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct functionalization with 3,5-substituted benzoic acids of multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites

2013

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“…The plateaus correspond to the direct current (dc) conductivity of nanofluids. 71 In these regions of frequency, the ac conductivity is constant for all concentrations and temperatures, which is in accordance with the universal power law 72 expressed as:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Dielectric Properties of Boron Nitride-Ethylene Glycol (BN-EG) Nanofluids

Fal

Cholewa

Gizowska

et al. 2016

Journal of Elec Materi

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This paper presents the results of experimental investigation of the dielectric properties of ethylene glycol (EG) with various load of boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles. The nanofuids were prepared by using a two-step method on the basis of commercially available BN nanoparticles. The measurements were carried out using the Concept 80 System (NOVOCONTROL Technologies GmbH & Co. KG, Montabaur, Germany) in a frequency range from 10 Hz to 10 MHz and temperatures from 278.15 K to 328.15 K. The frequency-dependent real (e 0 ) and imaginary (e 00 ) parts of the complex permittivity (e Ã ) and the alternating current (AC) conductivity are presented. Also, the effect of temperature and mass concentrations on the dielectric properties of BN-EG nanofluids are demonstrated. The results show that the most significant increase can be achieved for 20 wt.% of BN nanoparticles at 283.15 K and 288.15 K, that is eleven times larger than in the case of pure EG.

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