Curing kinetic of self-promoted alicyclic-based bisphthalonitrile monomer

Lv, Juan; Liu, Zhengzhou; Li, Ren‐Ke; Liu, Yao; Hu, Jianghuai; Zeng, Ke; Yang, Gang

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2019.178446

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…A simultaneous occurrence of oxazine ring-opening and triazine/phthalonitrile ring-forming reaction led to an improved mechanical performance, which is attributed to synergistic interactions between the polymer framework [ 172 ]. Curing kinetics of bisphthalonitrile Bz monomer was found to involve a free radical mechanism, where methine and methylene promote cyclization reactions of the cyano group [ 173 ].…”

Section: Classification Of Benzoxazine Monomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers

et al. 2021

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Due to their outstanding and versatile properties, polybenzoxazines have quickly occupied a great niche of applications. Developing the ability to polymerize benzoxazine resin at lower temperatures than the current capability is essential in taking advantage of these exceptional properties and remains to be most challenging subject in the field. The current review is classified into several parts to achieve this goal. In this review, fundamentals on the synthesis and evolution of structure, which led to classification of PBz in different generations, are discussed. Classifications of PBzs are defined depending on building block as well as how structure is evolved and property obtained. Progress on the utility of biobased feedstocks from various bio-/waste-mass is also discussed and compared, wherever possible. The second part of review discusses the probable polymerization mechanism proposed for the ring-opening reactions. This is complementary to the third section, where the effect of catalysts/initiators has on triggering polymerization at low temperature is discussed extensively. The role of additional functionalities in influencing the temperature of polymerization is also discussed. There has been a shift in paradigm beyond the lowering of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) temperature and other areas of interest, such as adaptation of molecular functionality with simultaneous improvement of properties.

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Section: Classification Of Benzoxazine Monomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers

et al. 2021

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“…The rate of cross‐linking reaction is characterized by the function of apparent activation energy, as shown in Equation () 25 . At present, the Kissinger method, Ozawa method and Starink method are used to solve the Equation (), and the results show that Starink method has the highest accuracy 24 . Therefore, as shown in Equation (), 26 the Starink method is used to calculate the apparent energy.

\frac{dα}{dt} goodbreak= \frac{A}{β} \exp ((), goodbreak- \frac{E_{a}}{RT}) f ((), α)

where,

\frac{dα}{dt}

is the rate of cross‐linking reaction,

A

is pre‐exponential factor,

β

is the heating rate, k/min,

E_{a}

is the apparent activation energy, kJ/mol,

R

is the character of gas, 8.314 J/(K·mol),

T

is the temperature, K,

f ((), α)

is function of α which depends on the function of the cross‐linking reaction model.

\ln ((), \frac{β}{T_{α}^{1.92}}) goodbreak= C goodbreak- 1.0008 \frac{E_{a}}{{italicRT}_{α}}

where,

T_{α}

is the temperature at this curing degree, K,

C

is constants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 At present, the Kissinger method, Ozawa method and Starink method are used to solve the Equation ( 2), and the results show that Starink method has the highest accuracy. 24 Therefore, as shown in Equation (3), 26 the Starink method is used to calculate the apparent energy.…”

Section: The Cross-linking Reaction Processes Of Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on curing kinetics of multiaxial warp‐knitted composites

et al. 2023

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In this paper, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to test the crosslinking reaction system between epoxy resin and curing agent, and the curing kinetic model of the resin system was established by means of phenomenal model. The optimal curing process was obtained based on DSC curve. The quadriaxial warp‐knitted composite specimens were prepared by vacuum‐assisted resin infusion (VARI). The effects of curing process on mechanism properties and failure mechanism of the composite specimens were studied experimentally. Results show that the cross‐linking reaction between epoxy resin and curing agent agrees with the autocatalytic reaction model and the curing kinetics model could be used to characterize the curing process of the matrix. The optimum curing process could be used to improve the interface properties between the matrix and the fiber, and the crack progress will be inhibited as the specimen bearing the external force, and the mechanical properties of the specimen is also improved significantly. Result could provide a theoretical basis for the study of curing kinetics of epoxy resin, the exploration of curing process of composite materials and improve the strength of composits.

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“…Several analytical tools have been utilized to investigate the curing kinetic of thermosetting polymers, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), DSC, and rheology measurements. Among these techniques, DSC is revealed to be the most popular method to investigate the curing behavior of several thermosetting polymers, encompassing epoxy, phenolic and benzoxazine resins . The crosslinking reactions liberate an important amount of heat, which makes DSC an interesting method for monitoring this type of process …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐Isothermal Curing Kinetics of Alkali‐Treated Alfa Fibers/Polybenzoxazine Composites Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry

2020

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The exploration of curing process of benzoxazine resins, which possess outstanding features, is crucial for practical and advanced applications. In this study, bisphenol A-aniline based benzoxazine (BA-a) composites reinforced with alkali treated alfa fibers (TAF) were prepared. The influence of different loadings of the TAF on the curing kinetics of BA-a was investigated using non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at different heating rates. Isoconversional integral methods or model free kinetics, namely, the iterative Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (it-KAS), iterative Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (it-FWO), Sbirrazzuoli methodology (VYA/CE) and Trache-Abdelaziz-Siwa-ni (TAS) methods have been applied to the experimental data in order to evaluate the curing kinetic parameters. The study revealed that the presence of TAF improved the crosslinking reaction of benzoxazine and reduced the activation energy. The pre-exponential factor exhibited the same trend as the activation energy. The reaction model, examined for all composites, showed that all systems were accurately presented by an autocatalytic reaction model. The Avrami-Erofeev model was the most appropriate for describing the cure kinetics and revealed a good agreement with experimental data.

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Curing kinetic of self-promoted alicyclic-based bisphthalonitrile monomer

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers

Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers

Research on curing kinetics of multiaxial warp‐knitted composites

Non‐Isothermal Curing Kinetics of Alkali‐Treated Alfa Fibers/Polybenzoxazine Composites Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry

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