Curing epoxy with electrochemically synthesized Gd Fe3-O4 magnetic nanoparticles

Jouyandeh, Maryam; Zarrintaj, Payam; Ganjali, Mohammad Reza; Ali, Jagar A.; Karimzadeh, Isa; Aghazadeh, Mustafa; Ghaffari, Mehdi; Saeb, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.105245

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Epoxy nanocomposites have also been in the center of attention and their thermal, corrosion protection, mechanical, and flame retardant properties have been the subject of many works [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The desired properties of thermoset nanocomposites are strongly related to the nanoparticles [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Properties of the thermoset polymer composites are dependent on the crosslinking reactions, as well as the size, the shape and the surface functionality of the nanoparticles [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy/Ionic Liquid-Modified Mica Nanocomposites: Network Formation–Network Degradation Correlation

et al. 2021

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We synthesized pristine mica (Mica) and N-octadecyl-N’-octadecyl imidazolium iodide (IM) modified mica (Mica-IM), characterized it, and applied it at 0.1–5.0 wt.% loading to prepare epoxy nanocomposites. Dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was carried out for the analysis of the cure potential and kinetics of epoxy/Mica and epoxy/Mica-IM curing reaction with amine curing agents at low loading of 0.1 wt.% to avoid particle aggregation. The dimensionless Cure Index (CI) was used for qualitative analysis of epoxy crosslinking in the presence of Mica and Mica-IM, while qualitative cure behavior and kinetics were studied by using isoconversional methods. The results indicated that both Mica and Mica-IM improved the curability of epoxy system from a Poor to Good state when varying the heating rate in the interval of 5–15 °C min−1. The isoconversional methods suggested a lower activation energy for epoxy nanocomposites with respect to the blank epoxy; thus, Mica and Mica-IM improved crosslinking of epoxy. The higher order of autocatalytic reaction for epoxy/Mica-IM was indicative of the role of liquid crystals in the epoxide ring opening. The glass transition temperature for nanocomposites containing Mica and Mica-IM was also lower than the neat epoxy. This means that nanoparticles participated the reaction because of being reactive, which decelerated segmental motion of the epoxy chains. The kinetics of the thermal decomposition were evaluated for the neat and mica incorporated epoxy nanocomposites epoxy with varying Mica and Mica-IM amounts in the system (0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 wt.%) and heating rates. The epoxy/Mica-IM at 2.0 wt.% of nanoparticle showed the highest thermal stability, featured by the maximum value of activation energy devoted to the assigned system. The kinetics of the network formation and network degradation were correlated to demonstrate how molecular-level transformations can be viewed semi-experimentally.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy/Ionic Liquid-Modified Mica Nanocomposites: Network Formation–Network Degradation Correlation

et al. 2021

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“…The same trend was observed for the maximum temperature of peak ( T P ) for all samples. As the heating rate increased, the kinetic energy per molecule increased in the system, which prevented the system from equilibrium state 75 . Therefore, higher temperature was required for the reacting molecules to compensate for restricted time; therefore, the main peak shifted to higher temperatures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amine‐functionalized metal–organic frameworks/epoxy nanocomposites: Structure‐properties relationships

Jouyandeh

Vahabi

Saeb

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Amine‐functionalized MIL‐101(Cr)‐NH2 metal–organic frameworks (MOF‐N)/epoxy nanocomposites with Excellent cure label and high thermal stability were developed. Structure–property relationship was discussed by comparison of the cure state, thermal and viscoelastic behavior of epoxy nanocomposites containing pristine MOF or MOF‐N applying differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Epoxy containing 0.3 wt% MOF‐N exhibited high glass transition temperature (Tg) of 96°C compared with 85°C observed for epoxy/MOF system. Thus, MOF‐N played the role of catalyst in epoxy/amine curing reaction. Correspondingly, a lower activation energy was obtained based on cure kinetics modeling based on DSC measurements. Besides, incorporation of low amount (0.5 wt%) MOF‐N induced an early‐state resistance against decomposition, featured by 11°C rise in decomposition temperature at 5% weight loss. This was ascribed to the formation of porous metallic oxides during thermal decomposition of MOF‐N in the epoxy system acting as a heat barrier, which increased the activation energy of decomposition. Amine‐functionalization considerably prevented from further oxidation of the inner part of the matrix.

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“…With this in mind, the quality of crosslinking between cure moieties has been defined by a dimensionless criterion, named Cure Index (CI), which is governed by microstructure of components present in the thermoset system [15]. In our previous works, we calculated the CI for several systems containing bare and modified nanoparticles applied in epoxy coatings for cure observations [16,17]. It was concluded that morphology and porosity of nanoparticles are key factors for cure progress to be controlled over [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization, and high potential of 3D metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles for curing with epoxy

Jouyandeh

Tikhani

Shabanian

et al. 2020

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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In this study, the potential of microporous 3D metal-organic framework (MOF) for curing epoxy resin has been discussed. First, MIL-101 (Cr), a chromium based MOF, was synthesized under hydrothermal condition and then characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric (TGA) measurements. Epoxy nanocomposites containing 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt.% of MOF nanocrystals were subsequently prepared and their curability was studied in terms of the universal dimensionless Cure Index (CI) criterion under nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Based on calculations made on the basis of the CI, epoxy nanocomposites containing 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.% of MOF were labeled Good and Excellent thanks to an enhanced chemical interaction between MOF and epoxy matrix, where the heat of cure in the system was surprisingly even higher than that of the neat epoxy. It was demonstrated that introduction of MOF into epoxy significantly improved the heat release during crosslinking process of epoxy, as indicated by a 63% rise in the enthalpy of cure at MOF loading of 0.1 wt.%. Addition of thermally stable MOF nanomaterials to the epoxy resin improved thermal decomposition resistance of epoxy. Up to 0.3 wt.% loading, the system revealed acceptable thermal stability at elevated temperature featured by more residue remained at the end of test, while sample containing 0.5 wt.% MOF resisted against decomposition at early stages of degradation due to higher thermal stability of MOF with respect to epoxy resin.

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Curing epoxy with electrochemically synthesized Gd Fe3-O4 magnetic nanoparticles

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Epoxy/Ionic Liquid-Modified Mica Nanocomposites: Network Formation–Network Degradation Correlation

Epoxy/Ionic Liquid-Modified Mica Nanocomposites: Network Formation–Network Degradation Correlation

Amine‐functionalized metal–organic frameworks/epoxy nanocomposites: Structure‐properties relationships

Synthesis, characterization, and high potential of 3D metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles for curing with epoxy

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