Curing characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology of butyl rubber filled with ground tire rubber (GTR)

Abstract

The results on testing application of ground tire rubber (GTR), as potential filler for butyl rubber, are presented. The GTR content variation, within the range of 10-90 phr, was studied with respect to the vulcanization process, static mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation-at-break, hardness and resilience), dynamic mechanical properties and the morphology of the obtained vulcanizates. Butyl rubber was characterized by its low compatibility to other elastomers [i.e., natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)-the main ingredients of tires] and low degree of unsaturation. To evaluate the impact of these factors on curing characteristics and mechanical properties of butyl rubber vulcanizates filled with GTR, the same compositions of SBR compounds, cured under identical conditions, were used as reference samples. Based on the obtained data, it can be stated that butyl rubber vulcanizates containing 30 phr of GTR as filler revealed the highest tensile strength and elongationat-break. The microstructural analysis of a sample containing 30 phr of GTR revealed strong interactions between the butyl rubber matrix and GTR. This phenomenon resulted mainly from two factors. First, the cross-link density of the butyl rubber matrix was affected by its competition against GTR for cross-linking agents. Secondly, the migration of carbon black particles from GTR into the butyl rubber matrix had a significant impact on properties of the obtained vulcanizates.

Blends of nitrile butadiene rubber/poly (vinyl chloride): The use of maleated anhydride castor oil based plasticizer

“…The use of MACO (1:0), MACO (1:1), and DOP/MACO (1:1) increase the maximum tensile strength until 17% in comparison to DOP, and 29.6% in comparison to CO. The higher values of tensile strength may have been caused by the crosslink density in the NBR/PVC matrix and carbon black migration into the polymer matrix (Formela & Haponiuk, 2014). This is in accordance with the curing characteristic of DOP/MACO (1:1), which has the highest ML and MH-ML value.…”

Effect of ground tire rubber on structural, mechanical and thermal properties of flexible polyurethane foams

“…Both Rokopols were acquired from PCC Rokita S.A. (Poland) and recommended for the production of flexible polyurethane foams. The density of Rokopol M1170 at 25 °C equals 1.09 g/cm 3 and its hydroxyl number has the value of 33 mg KOH/g of resin. The viscosity at 25 °C equals 1.2-1.5 Pa s. Its average molecular weight equals 5,000 g/mol.…”

“…The viscosity at 25 °C equals 1.2-1.5 Pa s. Its average molecular weight equals 5,000 g/mol. Rokopol F3000 is characterized by density at 25 °C of 1.01 g/cm 3 and by hydroxyl number of 56 mg KOH/g of resin. Its viscosity at 25 °C and average molecular weight equal 0.46-0.52 Pa s and 3,000 g/mol, respectively.…”

“…Shredded rubber wastes have been used as fillers or substitutes of elastomers in rubber compounds, thermoplastic elastomers, thermoplastic compositions, epoxy resins, etc. [3][4][5]. A comprehensive review of the Abstract Flexible polyurethane foams were modified with two kinds of ground tire rubber, untreated and thermomechanically reclaimed.…”

Effect of vulcanization system and carbon black on mechanical and swelling properties of EPDM blends

“…The formation of crosslink between EPDM and carbon black depend on the type and amount of carbon black. The amount of filler affect the tensile strength and the curing characteristics of elastomer (Litinov et al, 2011;Formela & Haponiuk, 2014). The relationship between the crosslink density, network structure and mechanical properties of CB reinforced EPDM had been investigated by Dijkhuis et al (2009).…”