Curing behavior and processability of BMI/3‐APN system for advanced glass fiber composite laminates

Abstract

The prepolymers containing bismaleimide (BMI) and 3-aminophenoxyphthalonitrile (3-APN) were prepared through simple solution prepolymerization, and the corresponding curing behaviors and processability were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic rheological analysis. The results showed that the processability of the prepolymers could be controlled by temperature and time on processing, also depended on the relative content of 3-APN and BMI. The possible curing reactions of the prepolymers were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which involved the Michael addition between BMI and 3-APN and self-polymerization of BMI or 3-APN. The resulting polymers displayed high thermo-oxidative stabilities (T 5% > 425 8C) and good adhesion capability. Furthermore, BMI/3-APN systems were employed to prepare BMI/3-APN/glass fiber (GF) composite laminates and their morphological, mechanical, and electrical stable properties were also investigated. The BMI/3-APN/GF laminates exhibited the improvement of the mechanical properties (the maximum flexural strength is 633.5 MPa and flexural modulus is 38.7 GPa) compared with pristine BMI/GF laminates because of the strong interfacial adhesions between GF and matrices, which was confirmed with SEM observations. This study provides a concise strategy for diversifying the preparation of BMI/3-APN prepolymers to obtain advanced GF composite laminates with various properties which have potential applications in industrial manufacture or electronic circuit, and so on.

Synthesis and properties of a novel high-temperature vinylpyridine-based phthalonitrile polymer

“…Phthalonitrile resins are a class of heat-resistant thermosetting materials and known for their remarkable properties. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The distinguished comprehensive performance of these materials is beneficial for widespread applications, including microelectronic packing, 8,9 aerospace, 10 adhesives, 11 radiation shielding, [12][13][14] and advanced composite matrices. [15][16][17][18] Nevertheless, the course of solidifying pure phthalonitriles has been considerably slow.…”

Asymmetric bismaleimide-based high-performance resins with improved processability and high Tg over 400 °C

“…20,21 These resins could react with bismaleimides, giving rise to prepolymers with low molecular weight which display superior solubility in organic solvents or low molten viscosity. 22,23 However, the mixture of these resins with flexible chains is unstable while being heated, and it may deteriorate the thermal properties of cured bismaleimides. For example, the long-time working temperature of 2,2 0 -diallylbisphenol A modified DDM-BMI is lower than 250 C, which is much less than that of PMR polyimides (>300 C).…”

Preparation and properties of phthalonitrile resins promoted by melamine

“…During the past few years, many efforts have evolved around the reaction of curing agents with PN monomers. 4,8,9,13,17 The Naval Research Laboratory added aromatic diamine curing agents, such as 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene ( m -APB), 13 into the monomer in the melting point at 1.5–2 wt%, and they successfully prepared the highly cross-linked PN resins.…”