Cure the Incurable? Recent Breakthroughs in Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Chu, Pei-Yi; Chan, Shih-Hsuan

doi:10.3390/cancers13215295

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Recently, a meta-analysis indicated that patients with high PD-L1 expression (>1% score) had longer survival than patients with <1% PD-L1 expression. Therefore, the PD-L1 status may be a potential predictive biomarker in the context of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy (98). Moreover, one study showed that HCC patients with Wnt/CTNNB1 mutations were insensitive to anti-PD-1/ PD-L1 therapy and had a worse prognosis than patients without mutations (113).…”

Section: Potential Biomarkers Of Clinical Response In Combination The...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Chen

Yuan

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is usually diagnosed in an advanced stage and has become the second deadliest type of cancer worldwide. The systemic treatment of advanced HCC has been a challenge, and for decades was limited to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) until the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) became available. Due to drug resistance and unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of monotherapy with TKIs or ICIs, multi-ICIs, or the combination of ICIs with antiangiogenic drugs has become a novel strategy to treat advanced HCC. Antiangiogenic drugs mostly include TKIs (sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, cabozantinib and so on) and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), such as bevacizumab. Common ICIs include anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), including nivolumab, pembrolizumab, durvalumab, and atezolizumab, and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), including tremelimumab and ipilimumab. Combination therapies involving antiangiogenic drugs and ICIs or two ICIs may have a synergistic action and have shown greater efficacy in advanced HCC. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge and recent clinical developments in ICI-based combination therapies for advanced HCC and we provide an outlook on future prospects.

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Section: Potential Biomarkers Of Clinical Response In Combination The...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Chen

Yuan

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most malignant tumours in the world and also a severe worldwide health threat [1, 2]. Because of the difficulty of diagnosis, the majority of HCC patients are already at an advanced stage when they are diagnosed, and their median survival time is <1 year [3–5]. However, if HCC patients at treated at an early stage, the 5 year survival rate can increase to ~70 % [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation analysis for alterations of intestinal flora in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: combinatorial detection of Coriobacterium, Atopobium, Coprococcus and Veillonella dispar may be a new method for HCC diagnosis

Jiang

Tao³

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Introduction. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in the world. Due to the characteristics of low early diagnosis rate, high malignancy and rapid progression, the majority of diagnosed patients are in the middle or late stage. Accumulating evidence reveals that intestinal flora imbalance will aggravate HCC by disturbing immune regulation, especially interleukin expression. Therefore, intestinal flora-based methods have the potential to be new diagnostic or therapeutic methods for HCC. Hypothesis. Compositions of intestinal florae were different between HCC patients and healthy people. Further, intestinal florae may alleviate or aggravate HCCs. Methods. To determine which intestinal florae and interleukin aggravate HCCs, we studied the differences in intestinal florae composition and interleukin (IL) indices between HCC patients and healthy people. A total of 64 HCC patients and 24 healthy people were recruited, and their fresh stool samples and serum samples were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolite index measurement. Results. Data showed that 484 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 476 OTUs were detected in the HCC and control groups, respectively. From the phylum level to the species level, 5, 6, 10, 15, 23 and 19 colonies showed differential abundance between the HCC group and healthy people. Moreover, interleukin-6 expression and interleukin-10 expression were significantly different between two groups. Of note, differences of Coriobacterium , Atopobium and Coprococcus at genus level and Veillonella dispar at species level in two groups were significantly related to IL-6 and IL-10. Conclusion. The abundance of intestinal florae in the HCC group was different from the control group. Additionally, combinatorial detection of Coriobacterium , Atopobium and Coprococcus at genus level and V. dispar at species level may be a new method for HCC diagnosis.

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“…Meanwhile, more and more researchers have proved that the combination therapy of gene therapy and chemotherapy shows a synergistic therapeutic effect for HCC [ [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] ]. PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) or PDL-1 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1) combined with sorafenib has been used for the treatment of HCC and achieved a good synergistic therapeutic effect [ [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] ]. It is expected to be a powerful therapeutic method in clinical application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%