Cure retardation of peroxide‐cured silica filled natural rubber influenced by organosilane

Pattanawanidchai, Sirichai; Sae‐Oui, Pongdhorn; Sirisinha, Chakrit; Siriwong, Chomsri

doi:10.1002/pen.24864

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This morphology allows this material to be reprocessed at temperature higher than the melting temperature of the thermoplastic phase. There are several types of crosslinking agents used for the DV process such as sulfur, peroxide, and phenolic resin [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], which have been used in typical crosslinked elastomers [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Moreover, the curing behavior of the elastomer can be predicted using mathematical techniques such as finite element technique [ 25 ], effective close form [ 26 ], and forward-backward numerical calculation [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Mixing Method on Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer/Natural Rubber Thermoplastic Vulcanizates

et al. 2020

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Thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) has excellent elastomeric properties and can be reprocessed multiple times. TPV is typically produced by using the dynamic vulcanization (DV) method in which rubber is crosslinked simultaneously with thermoplastics. Peroxide-crosslinked TPV can increase the compatibility between rubber and thermoplastics but loses its reprocessability due to excess crosslinking in the latter. In this work, we overcome this obstacle by using a two-step mixing method to prepare fully crosslinked elastomers of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and natural rubber (NR). Each sample formulation was prepared with three different mixing methods for comparison: NR-DV, Split-DV, and All-DV. For NR-DV, NR was crosslinked prior to the addition of EVA together with the thermal stabilizer (TS). For Split-DV, a small amount of EVA and NR was crosslinked prior to the addition of EVA and TS. In the All-DV method, EVA and NR were crosslinked, and then TS was added. The appearance and processability of the samples were affected by the degree of crosslinking. NR-DV showed a non-homogeneous texture. Although the samples of the All-DV method appeared homogeneous, their mechanical and rheological properties were inferior to those of the Split-DV method. The mechanical properties of the Split-DV samples were not significantly changed after reprocessing 10 times. Therefore, Split-DV is the preferred method for TPV production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Mixing Method on Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer/Natural Rubber Thermoplastic Vulcanizates

et al. 2020

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“…The second possibility occurs through the hydrolysis of the ethoxy groups followed by the condensation of the silanol groups (Figure 2(b)). 19…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence on mechanical and rheometric properties through different methods of chemical modification of silica applied to natural rubber compounds

Rombaldi

Pierozan²,

Brandalise

2020

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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The chemical modification of fillers has been an alternative to reach new levels of mechanical and rheometric properties. In this study, three methods of chemical modification of silica Zeosil 1165 PM, used as a reinforcing filler in elastomeric formulations, were evaluated by using the organosilane coupling agent, bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulphane (TESPT) compared to the reference, without addition of the TESPT named F1. The modification methods adopted were the chemical modification of the time-temperature-controlled greenhouse silica, named F2, the modification of the silica in the Banbury mixing process, named F3, and the use of the nanoclay-modified silica and incorporation of the TESPT in Banbury, named F4. Modification of greenhouse silica was monitored by thermogravimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry to define the modification parameters used for further incorporation of the filler in Banbury. Regarding the morphological properties, a large reduction of silica aggregates and agglomerates in TESPT formulations was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, ranging from 100 nm to 500 nm (F1) to aggregates below 100 nm (F2, F3, and F4). On the other hand, improvements in rheometric, rheological, physical, and mechanical properties were also observed, comparing F2, F3, and F4 with F1, such as a reduction in Mooney viscosity by 40.2%, 51.1%, and 47.8%, a reduction in the optimal cure time by 41.1%, 48.9%, and 44.4%, a reduction in permanent deformation by 47.1%, 31.3%, and 41.6%, an increase in hardness by 15.3%, 16.4%, and 21.6%, increase in the reinforcement character by 32.4%, 51.7%, and 66.0%, and an increase in resistance to traction by 26.6%, 16.1%, and 63.9%. The best results for reinforcing character and tensile strength were verified in the modified nanoclay silica (F4). Thus, all results converge to a significant improvement in the properties of the formulations with the use of TESPT.

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“…2 To overcome this problem, there are two routes: (1) changing the surface characteristics of silica from hydrophilic to lipophilic and (2) changing the molecular chain of rubber from lipophilic to hydrophilic. Pattanawanidchai et al 5 investigated the influence of bis(triethoxysilyl propyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) on the properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) and the degree of silica dispersion with increasing TESPT content in the peroxide curing system. For example, the grafting of the antioxidant N-(4-anilinephenyl) maleic imide (MC) onto the surface of silica (SiO 2 -g-MC) improved the compatibility of silica in the styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR) matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 An SiO 2 -g-MC-SBR composite exhibited a low rolling resistance and high wet-skid resistance; this could be more suitable for the preparation of green tires. Pattanawanidchai et al 5 investigated the influence of bis(triethoxysilyl propyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) on the properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) and the degree of silica dispersion with increasing TESPT content in the peroxide curing system. With modification by a 3-(methacryloxy)propyl trimethoxy silane coupling agent, the storage moduli of SBR-silica composites decreased; this indicated an improved dispersion of silica in the SBR matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free‐radical emulsion copolymerization of styrene with butadiene and vinyl triethoxysilane with a cumene hydroperoxide redox initiator

Chen

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The emulsion free-radical copolymerization of vinyl triethoxysilane (VTES) with styrene (St) and butadiene (Bd) was initiated by cumene hydroperoxide and ferrous sulfate at 0 C. The effects of VTES on the copolymerization conversion, reaction time, gel content, latex particle size, thermal stability, and mechanical properties were thoroughly investigated. The success of this reaction was confirmed by the peaks attributed to both Si─O─Si groups at 1065 cm −1 and the Si─O─C bond at 1046 cm −1 . A kinetics analysis showed that the conversion decreased with increasing VTES mass in the monomer feed. Compared with that in the St-Bd copolymer, the latex particle size increased slightly with increasing VTES mass. The Mooney viscosity and gel content results show that a large fraction of precrosslinking molecular chains was formed in the rubber particles. The thermogravimetric analysis results indicate that the thermal stability of the copolymers increased with increasing VTES concentration. The 300% modulus and tensile strength of the St-Bd-VTES copolymer increased with the mass of VTES at first and then decreased after 3 phr VTES, whereas the elongation at break decreased with increasing VTES mass.

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Cure retardation of peroxide‐cured silica filled natural rubber influenced by organosilane

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of Mixing Method on Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer/Natural Rubber Thermoplastic Vulcanizates

Effect of Mixing Method on Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer/Natural Rubber Thermoplastic Vulcanizates

Influence on mechanical and rheometric properties through different methods of chemical modification of silica applied to natural rubber compounds

Free‐radical emulsion copolymerization of styrene with butadiene and vinyl triethoxysilane with a cumene hydroperoxide redox initiator

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