Cure kinetics of hot cured unsaturated polyester (UP)/nanoclay nanocomposite including dual initiators

Naderi, Naghmeh; Mazinani, Saeedeh; Beheshty, Mohammad Hosain; Rajab, Mohammad

doi:10.1179/1743289814y.0000000112

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that the addition of modified bentonite causes a slight increase in gelation time by approx. 15% compared to the unfilled resin, which is opposite to the literature data [21,22]. In turn, the introduction of glass microspheres causes the shift of the intersection point of the curves G' and G" towards smaller values of gelation time.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 80%

Compositions of unsaturated polyester resins used for facing layers of laminates

Oliwa

2020

Polimery

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Hybrid composites of unsaturated polyester resin with the addition of glass microspheres and bentonite modified with a quaternary ammonium salt were obtained. The content of bentonite in composites was 3 wt %, while glass microspheres varied in the range of 5-15 wt %. The effect of the addition of glass microspheres on the rheological and mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester resin composites containing modified bentonite was investigated. On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that the optimum content of glass microspheres in polyester composites at which a clear increase in the value of most mechanical parameters was achieved, is 15 wt %. The Young's modulus, flexural modulus, tensile strength, and Charpy impact strength increased by 14.7, 38.7, 17.7 and 25%, respectively, compared to the unmodified resin. On the other hand, with relation to the sample containing 3 wt % of bentonite, a significant improvement was achieved only in the case of the flexural modulus and impact strength, amounting to 16.5 and 36.0%, respectively. In addition, composite with 15 wt % of glass microspheres was characterized by a smaller, by about 25%, flexural strength in relation to the unfilled resin and resin with 3 wt % of bentonite. In turn, rheological studies have shown that as the content of glass microspheres increased, there was an increase in viscosity and a decrease in gelation time in relation to the reference sample and the sample with 3 wt % of bentonite.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 80%

Compositions of unsaturated polyester resins used for facing layers of laminates

Oliwa

2020

Polimery

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“…The occurrence of eventual exfoliation in CSPE/ENR/OMMT nanocomposites was analyzed by FESEM. The presence of polymer chains inside organoclay sheet can improve dispersion and leads to obtaininig exfoliated structure as reported previously [17,18].…”

Section: Organoclay Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Physical and mechanical properties of chlorosulfonated pe(CSPE)/Organoclay nanocomposites compatibilized with epoxidized natural rubber

Sahami

Kalaee

Aghili

et al. 2016

Vinyl Additive Technology

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The influences of organoclay on properties of chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE) are scrutinized by loading different filler amounts to the polymeric matrix. In addition, cure characteristics of the prepared nanocomposites are determined by using rheometeric analysis. Although maximum and minimum torque values illustrate a slight increase with the organoclay incorporation, both scorch time and cure time of nanocomposites present a reduction in the presence of organoclay. The tensile strength and elongation at break of nanocomposites went through a maximum as a function of the organoclay content. As expected, the hardness, moduli at 100% and 300% elongations continuously increased along with increasing organoclay loading. The dispersion of organoclay in CSPE chaning was analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and FESEM, methods. The best clay dispersion was achieved at 6 phr lauding by adding ENR 50. This was also observed in the stiffness of nanocomposites derived from both dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and tensile tests. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:E180–E187, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…On the other hand, in the presence of one single high-temperature initiator, the curing process of UPR lasts longer. In contrast, the dual-initiator BPO/TBPO could shorten the molding cycle of the unsaturated polyester resin [ 27 ], and the initiator composition, which includes benzoyl peroxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzene acyl peroxide, and tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, could improve the curing degree of UPR at low temperatures [ 28 ]. Therefore, rapid and efficient cross-linking of UPR in the presence of dual initiation by different initiators is a novel project for UPR and LDUPR research, even to improve their properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Density Unsaturated Polyester Resin with the Presence of Dual-Initiator

2023

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Dual-initiation is a new orientation of many studies in the curing of unsaturated polyester resin and the manufacture of low-density unsaturated polyester resin (LDUPR) composite materials. In our research, two kinds of low-temperature (40–70 °C) initiators (cyclohexanone peroxide (CYHP) and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP)), one kind of medium-temperature (70–130 °C) initiator (tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate (TBPO)), and three kinds of high-temperature (≥130 °C) initiators (tert-butyl benzoate peroxide (TBPB), tert-amyl carbonate peroxide-2-ethylhexanoate (TAEC), and tert-butyl carbonate peroxide-2-ethylhexanoate (TBEC)) were applied to constitute different dual-initiators. Those dual-initiators were a low-temperature dual-initiator (CYHP/MEKP), medium-low-temperature dual-initiators (CYHP/TBPO and MEKP/TBPO), and high-temperature dual-initiators (TAEC/TBPB, TAEC/TBEC, and TBEC/TBPB). In the low-temperature and medium-low-temperature ranges, the LDUPR sample displayed the highest specific compression strength (Ps) of 42.08 ± 0.26 MPa·g−1·cm3 in the presence of the MEKP/TBPO dual-initiator. In the high-temperature range, the LDUPR sample exhibited the highest specific compression strength (Ps) of 43.32 ± 0.45 MPa·g−1·cm3 for the existence of the TAEC/TBPB dual-initiator. It is pointed out that the dual-initiator released more active free radicals, accelerating the initial curing time and the peak time of UPR. More active free radicals caused both high-activity (short-chain) molecules and low-activity (long-chain or intertwined) molecules in resin to cross-link, prolonging UPR’s curing process by approximately two minutes and resulting in an improvement of UPR’s cross-linking. In the presence of a dual-initiator, the integrated and planar microstructure of LDUPR samples performed uniformly distributed dimples, dispersed external forces, and enhanced samples’ specific compressive strength.

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Cure kinetics of hot cured unsaturated polyester (UP)/nanoclay nanocomposite including dual initiators

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Compositions of unsaturated polyester resins used for facing layers of laminates

Compositions of unsaturated polyester resins used for facing layers of laminates

Physical and mechanical properties of chlorosulfonated pe(CSPE)/Organoclay nanocomposites compatibilized with epoxidized natural rubber

Low-Density Unsaturated Polyester Resin with the Presence of Dual-Initiator

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