‘Cure Index’ for thermoset composites

Jouyandeh, Maryam; Paran, Seyed Mohammad Reza; Jannesari, Ali; Saeb, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.11.025

Cited by 114 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The applicability and versatility of the CI have been repeatedly proved in previous works [29,30]. To calculate such a measure, one should consider the following equations [10]: Placing the data in Table 1 under scrutiny, it has been demonstrated that the introduction of AHP nanoparticles to the epoxy matrix has contributed to cure reactions of epoxy resin, for all the CI values are laid in Good and Excellent cure states. However, the temperature window of the cure is almost unvaried for samples cross-linking at the same heating rate, the incorporation of AHP nanocomposites could intensify the release of heat throughout the duration of the reaction, in comparison to the reference sample.…”

Section: Qualitative Cure Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The applicability and versatility of the CI have been repeatedly proved in previous works [29,30]. To calculate such a measure, one should consider the following equations [10]:…”

Section: Qualitative Cure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis of cure is a fundamental concept for tracing the progress of the system toward nanostructure formation within thermoset materials [8,9]. Recently, Cure Index was proposed as a comprehensive dimensionless criterion for taking a quick qualitative image of cure, simply projecting contributions of the type, surface chemistry, size, and morphology of additives to the crosslinking reaction taking place in thermoset composites [10]. Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that the uniform dispersion of micro/nanoparticles is the prerequisite for developing a thermoset composite with excellent performance [11][12][13].Application of inorganic phosphorus-based materials has been a trend of modification, especially in polymers containing oxygen, in order to improve their thermal stability [14,15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low concentration epoxy nanocomposites of AHP (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt.% based on epoxy weight) were prepared from a solution of AHP in ethanol to avoid solubilization. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at various heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 • C/min was performed to evaluate cure behavior and kinetics in terms of enthalpy of cure, curing temperature window, featured in Cure Index and based on a general protocol [10,23]. The samples were designated with cure labels including Poor, Good and Excellent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Curing Kinetics and Thermal Stability of Epoxy Composites Containing Newly Obtained Nano-Scale Aluminum Hypophosphite (AlPO2)

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For the first time, nano-scale aluminum hypophosphite (AlPO2) was simply obtained in a two-step milling process and applied in preparation of epoxy nanocomposites varying concentration (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.% based on resin weight). Studying the cure kinetics and thermal stability of these nanocomposites would pave the way toward the design of high-performance nanocomposites for special applications. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) revealed AlPO2 particles having domains less than 60 nm with high potential for agglomeration. Excellent (at heating rate of 5 °C/min) and Good (at heating rates of 10, 15 and 20 °C/min) cure states were detected for nanocomposites under nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). While the dimensionless curing temperature interval (ΔT*) was almost equal for epoxy/AlPO2 nanocomposites, dimensionless heat release (ΔH*) changed by densification of polymeric network. Quantitative cure analysis based on isoconversional Friedman and Kissinger methods gave rise to the kinetic parameters such as activation energy and the order of reaction as well as frequency factor. Variation of glass transition temperature (Tg) was monitored to explain the molecular interaction in the system, where Tg increased from 73.2 °C for neat epoxy to just 79.5 °C for the system containing 0.1 wt.% AlPO2. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that nanocomposites were thermally stable.

show abstract

Section: Qualitative Cure Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The applicability and versatility of the CI have been repeatedly proved in previous works [29,30]. To calculate such a measure, one should consider the following equations [10]:…”

Section: Qualitative Cure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Curing Kinetics and Thermal Stability of Epoxy Composites Containing Newly Obtained Nano-Scale Aluminum Hypophosphite (AlPO2)

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Network formation and network degradation are two possible cases, respectively, taking place by the release and receive of thermal energy. Designing advanced materials/ systems with specific functions requires application of well-documented criteria for optimization [33][34][35][36]. Addition of additives changes thermal characteristic of polymer systems, where mathematical modeling can bring about useful insights about events taking place in molecular level [37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Theory On Thermal Decomposition Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Triple‐faced polypropylene: Fire retardant, thermally stable, and antioxidative

Vahabi

Paran²,

Shabanian

et al. 2019

Vinyl Additive Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A halogen‐free nitrogen‐rich additive was used to make polypropylene (PP) prepared for three different missions: fire retardancy, thermal stability, and antioxidative properties. The prepared additive was composed of a cyclodextrin, a nanohydroxyapatite, and a poly[[6‐[(1,1,3,3,‐tetramethylbutyl)amino]‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diyl][(2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidinyl)imino]‐1,6‐hexanediyl[2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidinyl)imino] (SABO®STAB) integrated into a unique molecule, namely, BSDH. Fire retardancy performance of BSDH in PP was compared with that of 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) commercially available additive in terms of cone calorimeter results. Thermal stabilities of PP/BSDH and PP/DOPO composites were compared by changes observed in pyrolysis activation energy values measured in thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen atmosphere at various heating rates. Flame retardancy of PP/BSDH composite was reflected in a drop in the peak of Heat Release Rate by ca. 31% with respect to neat PP. Very interestingly, the results show that BSDH additive retarded thermal oxidation of PP macromolecular chains when compared with DOPO commercially available flame retardant, as signaled by a rise in oxidation induction time value as well as an increased early‐stage activation energy needed for thermal decomposition of PP in the presence of BSDH. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:366–376, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

show abstract

Nonisothermal cure behavior and kinetics of cerium‐doped Fe₃O₄/epoxy nanocomposites

Jouyandeh

Rezapour²,

Mohaddespour

et al. 2022

Applied Organom Chemis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

How does the cerium (Ce) doping in ferrimagnetic magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) affect the crosslinking state and kinetics of epoxy crosslinking with amine curing agents?To answer this question, we electrochemically synthesized nanoparticles of Ce-Fe 3 O 4 and characterized them by FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, TEM, and XPS analyses. The presence of Ce atoms in Fe 3 O 4 crystalline lattice increased the surface area and active hydroxyl sites of the prepared magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) associated with partial shrinkage of molecular lattice. The MNPs uniformly dispersed in epoxy resin and unconditionally tagged epoxy nanocomposites as Excellent cured systems. The effect of lanthanide doping on the cure kinetics of epoxy with amine was explored applying nonisothermal DSC and model-free kinetic approaches, signifying that Ce-Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles facilitated epoxy ring opening by intensification of etherification reaction whatever the heating rate. Even at very low loading of Ce-Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles into the epoxy (0.1 wt.%), the average apparent activation energy significantly decreased by ≈10%. This outcome would highlight the role of crosslinking on the ultimate properties, such as anticorrosive and/or self-healing characteristics contributed by Ce-doped nanoparticles once added to epoxy coating formulation.

show abstract

‘Cure Index’ for thermoset composites

Cited by 114 publications

References 13 publications

Curing Kinetics and Thermal Stability of Epoxy Composites Containing Newly Obtained Nano-Scale Aluminum Hypophosphite (AlPO2)

Curing Kinetics and Thermal Stability of Epoxy Composites Containing Newly Obtained Nano-Scale Aluminum Hypophosphite (AlPO2)

Triple‐faced polypropylene: Fire retardant, thermally stable, and antioxidative

Nonisothermal cure behavior and kinetics of cerium‐doped Fe₃O₄/epoxy nanocomposites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

‘Cure Index’ for thermoset composites

Cited by 114 publications

References 13 publications

Curing Kinetics and Thermal Stability of Epoxy Composites Containing Newly Obtained Nano-Scale Aluminum Hypophosphite (AlPO2)

Curing Kinetics and Thermal Stability of Epoxy Composites Containing Newly Obtained Nano-Scale Aluminum Hypophosphite (AlPO2)

Triple‐faced polypropylene: Fire retardant, thermally stable, and antioxidative

Nonisothermal cure behavior and kinetics of cerium‐doped Fe3O4/epoxy nanocomposites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Nonisothermal cure behavior and kinetics of cerium‐doped Fe₃O₄/epoxy nanocomposites