Cure and mechanical properties and abrasive wear behavior of natural rubber, styrene–butadiene rubber and their blends reinforced with silica hybrid fillers

Tangudom, Paveena; Thongsang, S.; Sombatsompop, Narongrit

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.07.024

Cited by 97 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The cross-link density should be high enough to prevent viscous flow, but low to avoid brittle failure of the vulcanizates materials [3]. Rubber materials are commonly used for the production of o-rings, seals, tires or conveyor belts [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of high loading of titanium dioxide particles on the morphology, mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of the natural rubber-based composites

2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of high loading of titanium dioxide particles on the morphology, mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of the natural rubber-based composites

2016

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“…It was found that the surface hardness and tensile modulus increased when the silica content increased. This was due to the naturally high rigidity of the silica (Tangudom et al 2014). The effect of the purification process on the hardness and tensile modulus was small.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties and Microstructurementioning

confidence: 98%

“…This may have prevented the crosslinking reaction by sulfur in the NR compounds (Ooi et al 2013b;Tangudom et al 2014;Thongsang et al 2012). As a result, the torque difference and crosslink density were lower.…”

Section: Fig 2 Scorch Time and Cure Time Of The Nr Vulcanizates As mentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and Characterization of Silica from Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as a Reinforcing Filler in Natural Rubber Composites

et al. 2017

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This work studied the chemical composition, cure characteristics, and morphological and mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) compounds filled with silica, which was derived from bagasse ash (BA). The BA filler underwent various preparation processes (untreated, hydrochloric acid (HCl)-treated, and HCl/ammonium fluoride (HCl/NH4F) extracted). The results revealed that the main functional group of the BA was silica. After purification by HCl and HCl/NH4F, the silica content increased from 77.2% to 90.6% and 97.0%, respectively. Longer cure times and lower crosslinking were obtained after purifying the silica. Treatment of silica with HCl/NH4F improved the tensile strength and compression set when added at 15 parts per hundred rubber (phr) loading. Purification with HCl and HCl/NH4F acted as an obstacle to rubber-rubber crosslinking, but helped to moderate the filler-filler interaction. The elongation range for the NR containing the BA silica in this work was 900% to 1,100%. The use of HCl/NH4F-extracted silica in NR vulcanizates had no effect on the lightness, while the untreated and HCl-treated silica displayed decreased lightness. The silica from BA is recommended for use as reinforcing filler in NR compounds if treated with HCl followed by NH4F extraction before use. The optimal loading of the treated silica was 15 phr.

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“…In all cases, the errors could be considered randomly distributed around a zero mean value (i.e., they are uncorrelated), which suggests a common constant variance. On the basis of this analysis, the regression models obtained were accepted to describe the e ect of contents of raw materials (CC, PO, and VA) on HD, TS, EB, and RS, and the nal results are (1). ese equations are all referred to the weight fractions of the components calcium carbonate (X 1 ), para nic oil (X 2 ), and vulcanising accelerator (X 3 ), so that mixing of raw materials can easily be carried out.…”

Section: Optimisation Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such rubber compounds (composites) are manufactured from complex mixtures of di erent raw materials (di erent kinds of EPDM elastomers, llers, process oil, vulcanising and protecting agents, etc. ), and the production steps involve a variety of processes (e.g., mixing, extruding, cutting, moulding, and vulcanising) [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Property Optimisation of EPDM Rubber Composites Using Mathematical and Statistical Strategies

Correia

Palaoro

Segadães

2017

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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is paper describes a study in which EPDM-based rubber composites were investigated aiming at developing formulations subjected to restrictions on cost and the properties of the material. e contents of components other than calcium carbonate, para nic oil, and CBS vulcanising accelerator, as well as additives and processing conditions, were kept constant. Fractional factorial design coupled with computational numerical optimisation was used to minimise the number of mixtures. e results demonstrate that statistical design of experiments and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithms are promising methods to design composition variables. Mixture costs as low as 1.92 US$/kg can be achieved in compositions containing, for example, 107 phr of calcium carbonate, 95 phr of para nic oil, and 1.13 phr of CBS accelerator. e corresponding composite propertypredicted values were 66.8 Shore A for hardness, tensile strength of 7.8 MPa, 570.8% elongation at break, and 23.0% rebound resilience. is demonstrates that, in this way, the desired product with speci ed characteristics can be comfortably manufactured at minimum cost.

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Cure and mechanical properties and abrasive wear behavior of natural rubber, styrene–butadiene rubber and their blends reinforced with silica hybrid fillers

Cited by 97 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of high loading of titanium dioxide particles on the morphology, mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of the natural rubber-based composites

Effect of high loading of titanium dioxide particles on the morphology, mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of the natural rubber-based composites

Purification and Characterization of Silica from Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as a Reinforcing Filler in Natural Rubber Composites

Property Optimisation of EPDM Rubber Composites Using Mathematical and Statistical Strategies

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