Cure and Degradation Kinetics of Sulfur Cured Nanocomposites of EPDM-NBR Rubber Blends

Basha, Sanha Kaizer Tajamul; Divya, R.; Menon, Ashwini U; Ashok, Neelesh; Balachandran, Meera

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2018.10.147

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…BIIR2222 was manufactured by Exxonmobil (Irving, TEXAS, USA). The compounding ingredients (phr) were BIIR (100), carbon black N660 (55), sulfur (1), paraffin oil (1), stearate (1.5), zinc oxide (6), and magnesium oxide (2). An image of the raw rubber material is shown in Figure 1a, and an image of the sample is shown in Figure 1b.…”

Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been a considerable number of studies on the thermal degradation of rubber materials [4][5][6][7] and other polymeric materials [8][9][10] using different calculation methods and model fitting to experimental data. Liu et al [4] studied the effect of vulcanization on the pyrolysis of natural rubber, butadiene rubber, and styrene-butadiene rubber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DTG curves revealed that the pyrolysis of tire proceeded in two steps, while the pyrolysis of plastics proceeded in a single step. The detailed analysis of the degradation kinetics of an EPDM-NBR blend by Basha et al [6] provided insights into the degradation mechanism. Rasam et al [7] investigated the kinetics and thermal behavior of Spirulina microalgae, sugarcane bagasse, scrap tire, and their mixtures from the TG and DTG curves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Decomposition of Brominated Butyl Rubber

Zhang

Zang

et al. 2021

Materials

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The thermal decomposition of brominated butyl rubber under air atmosphere was investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) at various heating rates. The kinetic parameters were evaluated by TG and the isoconversional method developed by Ozawa. One prominent decomposition stage was observed in the DTG curves at high heating rates, while an additional small peak was observed at low heating rates. The apparent activation energy determined using the TG method ranged from 219.31 to 228.13 kJ·mol−1 at various heating rates. The non-isothermal degradation was found to be a first-order reaction, and the activation energy, as determined by the isoconversional method, increased with an increase in mass loss. The kinetic data suggest that brominated butyl rubber has excellent thermal stability. This study can indirectly aid in improving rubber pyrolysis methods and in enhancing the heat resistance of materials.

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Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Decomposition of Brominated Butyl Rubber

Zhang

Zang

et al. 2021

Materials

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“…Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) has descent hot oil and ozone resistance [3], low-temperature flexibility [4] and appropriate mechanical properties [5]. NBR deserves credit for the ability to co-curing with EPDM, but unavoidably suppresses the stiffness of EPDM [6]. Thus, nanocomposites based on EPDM/NBR have received more attention in both academia and industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure–properties relationship in ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) nanocomposites

et al. 2023

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Structure–properties relationship in complex rubber nanocomposites is a key for enlarging the performance window. Herein, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are added at variable content to ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) rubber blends compatibilized with maleic anhydride grafted HNTs to evaluate cure characteristics, along with microstructure, and mechanical and swelling behavior. The crosslinking rate increased by HNTs loading, but the scorch time decreased. Moreover, a 45% rise in tensile strength was observed for systems containing 10 wt% HNTs. SEM and TEM micrographs revealed a rough fracture surface with proper dispersion of HNT within EPDM/NBR. The modulus of EPDM/NBR/HNTs nanocomposites is theoretically estimated by modified Kolarik model, demonstrating a good agreement with experimental value. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) revealed a higher storage modulus up to 2.27 GPa with the introduction of HNTs into EPDM/NBR compound. Correspondingly, lower solvent uptake (decreased by 38%) is reported. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed higher thermal stability for highly-loaded systems.

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“…However, a particular structure of vulcanized rubber makes reclaiming rubber more difficult than other materials, such as plastics. Reclaimed rubber is a mixture of rubber, carbon black, oil, zinc oxide, stearic acid, and other compounding ingredients used in the original compounds (Khalf et al 2010;Ahmad et al 2017;Basha et al 2018). Reclamation of rubber waste materials has been an interest and priority in many industries, especially the automotive and transportation industries (Fukumori et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of filler system on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties of butyl reclaimed rubber

Abidin

Mamauod

Sarkawi

et al. 2020

BioRes

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This research aimed to elucidate the effect of black and non-black filler systems on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties of butyl reclaimed rubber (BRR). In this study, BRR800 was the BRR investigated. Since reclaimed rubber is not entirely 100% rubber, actually being a mixture of rubber, carbon black, oil, zinc oxide, stearic acid and other compounding ingredients used in the original compounds, the reclaimed rubber content in each system was fixed at 161 parts per hundred (pphr). Each mixture was mixed using a two-roll mill. The fillers used in this study were carbon black and calcium carbonate. The Mooney viscosity, cure characteristics, crosslink density, and mechanical properties, such as hardness, abrasion resistance, compression set, tear strength, rebound resilience, and the tensile properties of the vulcanizates were investigated. The results showed that the Mooney viscosity of BRR800 filled with carbon black was increased effectively and had a faster curing time and higher crosslink density than BRR filled with calcium carbonate. In addition, except for compression set and elongation at break, the mechanical properties of BRR800 with a black filler system were higher than those of BRR800 with a non-black filler system.

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Cure and Degradation Kinetics of Sulfur Cured Nanocomposites of EPDM-NBR Rubber Blends

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Thermal Decomposition of Brominated Butyl Rubber

Thermal Decomposition of Brominated Butyl Rubber

Microstructure–properties relationship in ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) nanocomposites

Influence of filler system on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties of butyl reclaimed rubber

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