Curcumin: The Molecular Mechanisms of Action in Inflammation and Cell Death during Kainate-Induced Epileptogenesis

Yow, Hui-Yin; Ahmad, Nurulumi; Azmi, Norazrina; Makmor‐Bakry, Mohd

doi:10.5530/ijper.52.1.4

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Even so, the exact mechanisms through which the anti-inflammatory properties of C. longa are implemented are still unknown, although some authors have reported that it upregulates genes related to the anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α ( Hashemian et al, 2017 ; Yin et al, 2018 ). One other potential mechanism, described by Peng et al (2021) , is the inhibition of the expression of the iNOS gene by C. longa that interferes with the nitric oxide synthase pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combination of Curcuma longa and Diazepam Attenuates Seizures and Subsequent Hippocampal Neurodegeneration

Nascimento

Ferreira

Silva

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, which occurs due to the instability in the inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmissions in the brain. However, many patients develop resistance to the available drugs, which results in cell degeneration caused due to inadequate control of the seizures. Curcumin, Curcuma longa, is known to be effective for the treatment of organic disorders and may prevent seizures, reduce oxidative stress, and decrease brain damage. Given this, the present study evaluated the antiepileptic effects of C. longa in comparison with both the diazepam and the combined application of these two substances, in terms of their effects on the brain activity and the potential histopathological changes in the hippocampus. This study used male Wistar rats (age: 10–12 weeks; weight: 260 ± 20 g), which were pretreated for 4 days with either saline, C. longa, diazepam, or C. longa + diazepam; and on the fifth day, pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) was administered to induce the seizure. In the C. longa group, a significant increase was observed in the latency of the onset of seizure-related behavior. Surprisingly, however, the combined treatment resulted in the best control of the seizure-related behavior, with the greatest latency of the onset of spasms and isolated clonic seizures. This group also obtained the best results in the electroencephalographic trace and seizure control, with a reduction in the frequency and amplitude of the spike-waves. In the saline group, PTZ significantly reduced the number of cells present in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, while the combined treatment obtained the best results in terms of the preservation of the neuron-like cells. These findings indicate that C. longa may contribute to the control of both seizures and the cell damage induced by PTZ, and that its association with diazepam may be a potentially effective option for the treatment of epilepsy in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combination of Curcuma longa and Diazepam Attenuates Seizures and Subsequent Hippocampal Neurodegeneration

Nascimento

Ferreira

Silva

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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“…The harmful effects, which are toxic to tissues, occur primarily through the production of free radicals [12,13]. This reaction is important in removing damaged cells from the brain tissue; however, it can also increase the harm to brain cells by producing free radicals that are toxic to healthy cells [2,14,15]. There has been an increasing amount of evidence suggesting that ischemic inflammation may be vital to the issue of pathogens, as ischemic stroke results not only in damage and neuronal loss but also in sustained neuroinflammation after stroke [3,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Modelling of Interactions between Microglia and Endogenous Neural Stem Cells in the Brain during a Stroke

2020

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In this paper, we study the interactions between microglia and neural stem cells and the impact of these interactions on the brain cells during a stroke. Microglia cells, neural stem cells, the damage on brain cells from the stroke and the impacts these interactions have on living brain cells are considered in the design of mathematical models. The models consist of ordinary differential equations describing the effects of microglia on brain cells and the interactions between microglia and neural stem cells in the case of a stroke. Variables considered include: resident microglia, classically activated microglia, alternatively activated microglia, neural stem cells, tissue damage on cells in the brain, and the impacts these interactions have on living brain cells. The first model describes what happens in the brain at the stroke onset during the first three days without the generation of any neural stem cells. The second model studies the dynamic effect of microglia and neural stem cells on the brain cells following the generation of neural stem cells and potential recovery after this stage. We look at the stability and the instability of the models which are both studied analytically. The results show that the immune cells can help the brain by cleaning dead cells and stimulating the generation of neural stem cells; however, excessive activation may cause damage and affect the injured region. Microglia have beneficial and harmful functions after ischemic stroke. The microglia stimulate neural stem cells to generate new cells that substitute dead cells during the recovery stage but sometimes the endogenous neural stem cells are highly sensitive to inflammatory in the brain.

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Curcumin in epilepsy disorders

Dhir

2018

Phytotherapy Research

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Curcumin, a principal curcuminoid present in turmeric, has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Preclinical studies have indicated its beneficial effect for the treatment of epilepsy disorders. The molecule has an anti-seizure potential in preclinical studies, including chemical and electrical models of acute and chronic epilepsy. Curcumin also possesses an anti-epileptogenic activity as it reduces spontaneous recurrent seizures severity in a kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nature of curcumin might be responsible for its observed anti-seizure effects; nevertheless, the exact mechanism is not yet clear. The poor availability of curcumin to the brain limits its use in clinics. The application of nanoliposome and liposome technologies has been tested to enhance its brain availability and penetrability. Unfortunately, there are no randomized, double-blinded controlled clinical trials validating the use of curcumin in epilepsy. The present article analyzes different preclinical evidence illustrating the effect of curcumin in seizure models. The review encourages carrying out clinical trials in this important area of research. In conclusion, curcumin might be beneficial in patients with epilepsy disorders, if its bioavailability issues are resolved.

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Curcumin: The Molecular Mechanisms of Action in Inflammation and Cell Death during Kainate-Induced Epileptogenesis

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

A Combination of Curcuma longa and Diazepam Attenuates Seizures and Subsequent Hippocampal Neurodegeneration

A Combination of Curcuma longa and Diazepam Attenuates Seizures and Subsequent Hippocampal Neurodegeneration

Dynamic Modelling of Interactions between Microglia and Endogenous Neural Stem Cells in the Brain during a Stroke

Curcumin in epilepsy disorders

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