Curcumin, Quercetin, Catechins and Metabolic Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota

Abstract

Polyphenols (PPs) are the naturally occurring bioactive components in fruits and vegetables, and they are the most abundant antioxidant in the human diet. Studies are suggesting that ingestion of PPs might be helpful to ameliorate metabolic syndromes that may contribute in the prevention of several chronic disorders like diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and colon cancer. PPs have structural diversity which impacts their bioavailability as they accumulate in the large intestine and are extensively metabolized through gut microbiota (GM). Intestinal microbiota transforms PPs into their metabolites to make them bioactive. Interestingly, not only GM act on PPs to metabolize them but PPs also modulate the composition of GM. Thus, change in GM from pathogenic to beneficial ones may be helpful to ameliorate gut health and associated diseases. However, to overcome the low bioavailability of PPs, various approaches have been developed to improve their solubility and transportation through the gut. In this review, we present evidence supporting the structural changes that occur after metabolic reactions in PPs (curcumin, quercetin, and catechins) and their effect on GM composition that leads to improving overall gut health and helping to ameliorate metabolic disorders.

Crosstalk between Gut and Brain in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota Modulation Strategies

“…The GM may contribute to metabolic health, but dysbiosis in GM composition triggers metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a combination of abnormalities contributing to different diseases such as malnutrition, non-alcoholic liver disease, obesity, cardio-metabolic diseases and type-2 diabetes [4,62,63]. Deficiency of SIRT3, known as a mitochondrial deacetylase, is a significant cause of metabolic syndrome.…”

“…The Mediterranean diet is deemed beneficial for AD patients as it is rich in many components such as legumes, fruits, vegetables, cereals, polyphenols, non-digestible carbohydrates, and unsaturated fatty acids [107]. Polyphenols (PPs) are naturally occurring bioactive compounds and the most abundant forms of antioxidants in the human diet [63]. PPs have been recognized as potent agents that can lower the risk of AD [13].…”

Comparative Analysis of Flavonoid Metabolites in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) with Different Eating Quality

“…It is a dietary flavonoid found in fruits (mainly citrus), many seeds (buckwheat), and so on [ 53 ]. Present studies have provided evidence that quercetin improves gut health and helps alleviate metabolic disorders, which is likely to be one reason why the millet porridge is effective for children’s diarrhea [ 54 ]. Most of the quercetin existed in YG1, and a small amount was detected in JG21.…”

An efficient enzyme-triggered controlled release system for colon-targeted oral delivery to combat dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice

“…In this study, low molecular weight chitosan and enzymatic unsaturated alginate were prepared in our lab and selected as polymer shells. Current studies have shown that Cur is therapeutically effective against UC and regulative effect on gut microbiota (Grammatikopoulou et al., 2018 ; Sadeghi et al., 2020 ; Shabbir et al., 2021 ). Quantitative analysis indicated that CD–Cur–CANPs significantly reversed the decrease in Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli induced by DSS treatment.…”