Curcumin Inhibits Replication of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 by Affecting Viral Inclusion Body Formation

Abstract

Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (HPIV3) is one of the main pathogens that cause acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. However, there are currently no effective antiviral drugs and vaccines. Herein, we found that a natural compound, curcumin, inhibits HPIV3 infection and has antiviral effects on entry and replication of the virus life cycle. Immunofluorescence and western blotting experiments revealed that curcumin disrupts F-actin and inhibits viral inclusion body (IB) formation, thus inhibiting virus replication. Curcumin can also downregulate cellular PI4KB and interrupt its colocalization in viral IBs. This study verified the antiviral ability of curcumin on HPIV3 infection and preliminarily elucidated its influence on viral replication, providing a theoretical basis for antiviral drug development of HPIV3 and other parainfluenza viruses.

The Role of the NRF2 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Viral Respiratory Infections

“…The balance between NRF2 activation and the interferon response is regulated by intrinsic cell factors, for which the cell composition varies from nasal to bronchial cells, and potentially influences the susceptibility to viral infections. Notably, activation of the NRF2 pathway appears to mediate protection against viral respiratory infections, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza viruses, and several RNA and DNA viruses that induce oxidative stress (Supplementary Table S1) [5,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][41][42][43][44][46][47][48][49][51][52][53][54]. Overall, the crosstalk between NRF2 and viruses is bidirectional and complex.…”

“…With regards to the impact of viruses on the NRF2 pathway, respiratory viruses such as influenza [12,94], SARS-CoV-2 [19,20,22,24,95,96], RSV [27,31,32], rhinovirus [43,44], and enteroviruses [47] directly alter NRF2 levels and signaling [5,[8][9][10]18,33] (Table 1). With regards to the impact Pathogens 2024, 13, 39 3 of 24 of the NRF2 pathway on viruses, host NRF2 pathways also regulate the replication of several respiratory viruses such as influenza [11][12][13], coronaviruses [19][20][21][22][23], RSV [34,35], rhinovirus [44], enterovirus [47], metapneumovirus [34], and parainfluenza [51,52] (Table 2). Notably, the host NRF2 pathways also regulate viral replication, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and inflammation (Tables 2-6).…”

“…During oxidative stress induced by respiratory viruses, the host deploys antioxidant mechanisms to control signaling pathways and reestablish cellular redox balance. Many respiratory viruses, including influenza [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], CoVs [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], RSV [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], rhinoviruses [41][42][43][44][45], enteroviruses such as Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) [46], EV71 [47][48][49][50], metapneumoviruses [34], and parainfluenza viruses [51,52], have been demonstrated to disrupt the cell redox homeostasis and induce the production of ROS.…”

Antiviral Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin: An Update

“…The anti-HPIV3 activity of curcumin was evaluated by one study. This study showed that curcumin disrupts F-actin, resulting in reduced viral inclusion body (IB) formation and inhibiting virus replication [58].…”

Development of rapid nucleic acid testing techniques for common respiratory infectious diseases in the Chinese population

“…Viruses cause 30%–70% of ARI, with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza virus (PIV) accounting for the majority of these cases ( Hatem et al, 2019 ). PIV is a common acute viral respiratory infection, primarily causing lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children ( Maeda et al, 2017 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). In adults, it mainly manifests as an upper respiratory tract infections ( Essa et al, 2017 ).…”