“…While the intensities are somewhat reduced and peak widths slightly broader compared to pristine TiO 2 due to the amorphous hydrogel coating, the retention of crystalline TiO 2 signatures demonstrates that the TiO 2 nanostructures are intact but interacting closely with the polymer network. Thus, XRD analysis verifies the composite nature of the synthesized nanomaterial, which contains crystalline TiO 2 nanoparticles interspersed in the hydrogel matrix 13 , 27 , 42 , 45 . Figure 6 X-ray diffraction patterns for TiO 2 NPs, Clay Bentonite, SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO 2 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 69%
“…Bentonite clay (spectrum A) shows typical bands at 1009 cm –1 (Si–O–Si stretching), 918 cm –1 (Al–OH vibration), and 450 cm –1 (Si–O bending). Additional peaks at 1415 cm –1 (Ti–O–Ti vibration) and 450–600 cm –1 (Ti–O bending) confirm TiO 2 NP impregnation in the nanocomposite 17 , 27 . Figure 3 FT-IR spectra of (A) Bentonite Clay, (B) SA-g-p(AM-Bn), (C) SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO 2 and (D) SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO 2 surface after adsorption of CR dye.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 80%
“…Encapsulating the nanocomposite within a biopolymer matrix enables easier recovery while enhancing removal capacity. In summary, the synergistic effects of TiO 2 , clay minerals, and biopolymers can potentially be leveraged to design efficient and recoverable adsorbent nanocomposite systems for water remediation 23 – 27 .…”
In this study, a Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylamide-clay)/TiO2 hydrogel nanocomposite [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2] was synthesized using the biopolymer sodium alginate (SA), acrylamide (AM), and bentonite clay (Bn) as hybrid materials embedded with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) for the removal of toxic Congo Red (CR) dye from an aqueous solution. The [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2] nanocomposite has been described on the basis of thermal stability, morphological analysis, estimation of functional group, and crystalline/amorphous character by TGA, EFSEM/EDX, TEM, FT-IR, and XRD analysis, respectively. The effects of operational parameters toward the CR dye adsorption on [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2], including contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, initial pH, and temperature were investigated. The maximum adsorption efficiency was found to be 185.12 mg/g for [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2] in 100 mg/L of solution CR at pH 6.0 within 1 h. The equilibrium isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics parameters of adsorption were examined, and results showed that the isotherm fitted the Freundlich model and the kinetics adsorption model of CR followed pseudo-first-order, thus indicating physisorption of anionic-CR onto the sorbent due to the development of an electrostatic attraction bond. Thermodynamic parameters for [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2] have values (ΔG and ΔH) reflecting the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption processes. Moreover, [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2] presented outstanding excellent reusability and recyclability with a relatively best removal percentage as compared to [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)] and suggested their applicability towards the textile industry and water purification purposes.
“…While the intensities are somewhat reduced and peak widths slightly broader compared to pristine TiO 2 due to the amorphous hydrogel coating, the retention of crystalline TiO 2 signatures demonstrates that the TiO 2 nanostructures are intact but interacting closely with the polymer network. Thus, XRD analysis verifies the composite nature of the synthesized nanomaterial, which contains crystalline TiO 2 nanoparticles interspersed in the hydrogel matrix 13 , 27 , 42 , 45 . Figure 6 X-ray diffraction patterns for TiO 2 NPs, Clay Bentonite, SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO 2 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 69%
“…Bentonite clay (spectrum A) shows typical bands at 1009 cm –1 (Si–O–Si stretching), 918 cm –1 (Al–OH vibration), and 450 cm –1 (Si–O bending). Additional peaks at 1415 cm –1 (Ti–O–Ti vibration) and 450–600 cm –1 (Ti–O bending) confirm TiO 2 NP impregnation in the nanocomposite 17 , 27 . Figure 3 FT-IR spectra of (A) Bentonite Clay, (B) SA-g-p(AM-Bn), (C) SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO 2 and (D) SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO 2 surface after adsorption of CR dye.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 80%
“…Encapsulating the nanocomposite within a biopolymer matrix enables easier recovery while enhancing removal capacity. In summary, the synergistic effects of TiO 2 , clay minerals, and biopolymers can potentially be leveraged to design efficient and recoverable adsorbent nanocomposite systems for water remediation 23 – 27 .…”
In this study, a Sodium alginate-g-poly (acrylamide-clay)/TiO2 hydrogel nanocomposite [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2] was synthesized using the biopolymer sodium alginate (SA), acrylamide (AM), and bentonite clay (Bn) as hybrid materials embedded with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) for the removal of toxic Congo Red (CR) dye from an aqueous solution. The [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2] nanocomposite has been described on the basis of thermal stability, morphological analysis, estimation of functional group, and crystalline/amorphous character by TGA, EFSEM/EDX, TEM, FT-IR, and XRD analysis, respectively. The effects of operational parameters toward the CR dye adsorption on [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2], including contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, initial pH, and temperature were investigated. The maximum adsorption efficiency was found to be 185.12 mg/g for [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2] in 100 mg/L of solution CR at pH 6.0 within 1 h. The equilibrium isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics parameters of adsorption were examined, and results showed that the isotherm fitted the Freundlich model and the kinetics adsorption model of CR followed pseudo-first-order, thus indicating physisorption of anionic-CR onto the sorbent due to the development of an electrostatic attraction bond. Thermodynamic parameters for [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2] have values (ΔG and ΔH) reflecting the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption processes. Moreover, [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)/TiO2] presented outstanding excellent reusability and recyclability with a relatively best removal percentage as compared to [SA-g-p(AM-Bn)] and suggested their applicability towards the textile industry and water purification purposes.
“…The micrographs of TiO 2 nanoparticles were clearly observed in the TEM images as the most intense dark spots on the surface. 20 The nanoparticles deposited on the surface quite small and well deposited as show in Figure 2b.…”
Section: Characterizationmentioning
confidence: 85%
“…One constraint associated with doping approach is that it can sometimes also reduce the redox potential of charge carrier species thatresults in decline of photo catalytic efficiency. [17][18][19][20] Metoclopramide (MCP) drug utilized for esophageal, stomach problems. drug is usually used to treatment to prevent vomiting and nausea, used to emptying of the stomach in people with delayed stomach emptying, and to help with gastroesophageal reflux disease and utilized to treatment migraine headaches.…”
In the present research carry out to remove pharmaceutical pollutants as a model metoclopramide (MCP) drug from an aqueous medium utilizing a photocatalytic degradation method with super nanoparticles called TiO2 nanoparticles (NP). synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by utilizing the hydrothermal processes. The physical characterizations of materials by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the efficiency of the TiO2 nanoparticle increased by 88.88%. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation rate increased with decreasing concentration of MCP drug increasing the intensity of the light led to an increase in the rate of photocatalytic degradation. Study effect of several factors, concentration on the drug, mass of nanoparticle, light intensity that the best conditions for the photocatalytic degradation of 0.3 g of the nanocomposite, MCP drug concentration of 50 m/L, pH solution 8, and light intensity 1.7 mW/Cm2, Thus, the photocatalytic degradation increased with decreasing the concentration of MCP drug. The obtained TiO2 nanoparticle exhibits best photocatalytic degradation than the commercial photo-catalysts TiO2 NPs. Finally, it is essential to evaluate the recycled photocatalytic degradation efficiency, which is one of the utmost significant factors towards photodegradation.
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