Curcumin Blocks Naproxen-Induced Gastric Antral Ulcerations through Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation and Activation of Enzymatic Scavengers in Rats

Abstract

Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the plant Curcuma longa, which is used for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study was undertaken to determine the protective effect of curcumin against naproxen-induced gastric antral ulcerations in rats. Different doses (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) of curcumin or vehicle (curcumin, 0 mg/kg) were pretreated for 3 days by oral gavage, and then gastric mucosal lesions were caused by 80 mg/kg naproxen applied for 3 days. Curcumin significantly inhibited the naproxen-induced gastric antral ulcer area and lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, curcumin markedly increased activities of radical scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, 100 mg/kg curcumin completely protected the gastric mucosa against the loss in the enzyme, resulting in a drastic increase of activities of radical scavenging enzymes up to more than the level of untreated normal rats. Histological examination obviously showed that curcumin prevents naproxen-induced gastric antral ulceration as a result of direct protection of the gastric mucosa. These results suggest that curcumin blocks naproxen-induced gastric antral ulcerations through prevention of lipid peroxidation and activation of radical scavenging enzymes, and it may offer a potential remedy of gastric antral ulcerations.

Curcumin: A Potent Protectant against Esophageal and Gastric Disorders

“…For instance, naproxen is the most common and frequent NSAID used in rheumatoid arthritis patients, and the naproxen-induced gastropathy occurs mainly in the gastric antrum [31]. Using this experimental antral model of gastric ulcerations in rats to mimic the human scenario of complication risk after naproxen ingestion, Kim et al [32] have shown that the administration of naproxen caused the macro- and microscopic antral lesions and increased the tissue lipid peroxidation levels. When curcumin was combined with naproxen, the size of the gastric antral ulcers had diminished, followed by the restoration of the activity of antioxidative enzymes SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which are all recognized as ROM scavengers in the gastric mucosa [32].…”

“…Using this experimental antral model of gastric ulcerations in rats to mimic the human scenario of complication risk after naproxen ingestion, Kim et al [32] have shown that the administration of naproxen caused the macro- and microscopic antral lesions and increased the tissue lipid peroxidation levels. When curcumin was combined with naproxen, the size of the gastric antral ulcers had diminished, followed by the restoration of the activity of antioxidative enzymes SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which are all recognized as ROM scavengers in the gastric mucosa [32]. Notably, curcumin protection was accompanied by the fall in the lipid peroxides, suggesting that the mechanism of curcumin-induced attenuation of gastric mucosal injury caused by NSAIDs such as naproxen can involve the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and activation of radical scavenging enzymes [32].…”

Promiscuous Effects of Some Phenolic Natural Products on Inflammation at Least in Part Arise from Their Ability to Modulate the Expression of Global Regulators, Namely microRNAs

“…This shift of macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype in the presence of curcumin was due to the reduction of Extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and NF-κB p65 expression, concomitant to the upregulation of IL-10 expression [23]. In another study, curcumin significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model of gastric antral ulceration [24]. In curcumin-fed rats, the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and naproxen-induced gastric ulcer was attributed to the effects of curcumin in increasing the activities of scavenging enzymes, such as Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, and Glutathione peroxidase [24].…”

“…In another study, curcumin significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model of gastric antral ulceration [24]. In curcumin-fed rats, the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and naproxen-induced gastric ulcer was attributed to the effects of curcumin in increasing the activities of scavenging enzymes, such as Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, and Glutathione peroxidase [24]. The effects of polyphenols found in French Curcuma longa , were tested, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes under oxidative stress [25].…”

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“…The pro-oxidant activity supposed to mediate through generation of phenoxyl radical of curcumin by peroxidase-H 2 O 2 system, which cooxidizes the cellular glutathione or NADH, accompanied by O 2 uptake to form ROS. [18][19][20][21][22] CONCLUSION: Profenofos is recklessly used for crop protection and agricultural pest control in developing countries. Present results and previous studies clearly showed that profenofos caused malefic effects on human, animals and environment.…”