Curative role of pantothenic acid in brain damage of gamma irradiated rats

Abstract

Radiation induced brain damage is associated with impairment of mitochondrial functions, variations in the level of neurotransmitters, and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial function is closely linked to the level of neurotransmitters since the precursors are supplied by the Kreb's cycle intermediates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pantothenic acid, an essential component in the synthesis of Coenzyme A (CoA), on the activity of the Krebs cycle enzymes, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH); the level of aspartic, glutamic and GABA; the activity of transaminases, and oxidative stress, in the cerebrum of γ-irradiated rats. Pantothenic acid (26 mg/Kg) was orally administered to the rats, 2 h after irradiation and during the following 5 days. Animals were sacrificed the 7th day post-irradiation. The exposure of male albino rats to γ-rays (5 Gy) has triggered oxidative stress notified by a significant elevation in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, associated to a significant decrease in the content of phospholipids, and the antioxidant compound glutathione (GSH). The activity of IDH, α-KGDH, and SDH, has significantly decreased, while the level of aspartic, glutamic and GABA has significantly increased. In parallel to these changes, the activity of alanine and aspartate transaminase has significantly increased, compared to their values in the control rats. Pantothenic acid treatment, has significantly attenuated oxidative stress; enhanced the activity of IDH, α-KGDH, and SDH; minimized the increase in the level of amino acids and the activity of transaminases, compared to their values in the cerebrum of irradiated rats. In conclusion, pantothenic acid could improve the level of neurotransmitters amino acids, which depends on the enzymatic activities of Krebs cycle and linked to oxidative stress.

Role of betaine in liver injury induced by the exposure to ionizing radiation

“…Exposure to ionizing radiation triggers oxidative stress in different tissues . In this study, the whole body exposure of rats to gamma‐radiation has induced a significant elevation in the level of MDA, PCO, and 8‐OHdG, probably caused by the interaction of hydroxyl radical ( • OH), resulting from water radiolysis upon exposure to ionizing radiation, with lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, respectively.…”

B Vitamins and Fatty Acids: What Do They Share with Small Vessel Disease-Related Dementia?

“…Further, acetyl-CoA plays a role in global histone acetylation, modulating gene expression, cell growth, and proliferation [252,253]. Pantothenic acid, due to the increase of CoA, exerts an antioxidative property [254,255,256] and influences inflammatory factors, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) [257]. Indeed, it has been shown in vitro that pantothenic acid might enhance glutathione levels [254,255,256] and, in animal models, high concentrations protect neurons from radiation damages [255].…”

“…Significant sources of pantothenic acid are broccoli, meat, whole grains, cereals, and avocado. It is worth mentioning that commensal bacteria, such as Escherichia coli , can produce and secrete pantothenate directly in the gut, increasing the availability of this vitamin [195,253,255]. Therefore, despite low oral intake, B5 deficiencies have been rarely described in humans.…”

“…Pantothenic acid is well represented in the central nervous system (CNS) and is more concentrated in the brain than in the plasma [255,262]. Several old studies focused on its transportation and function in the CNS [263,264,265,266,267], but it has not been investigated as much as the other B vitamins, likely because very few studies described its deprivation.…”

Nanofibers from hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin/pantothenic acid supramolecular complexes: Physicochemical characterization and potential biomedical applications

“…Although the impact of PA on cell physiology is still unclear, its effects in cosmetics lead to the expectation that PA reduces intracellular oxidative stress. 11 Moreover, PA supplementation increases rates of proliferation and protein synthesis in cultured fibroblasts, and PA stimulates blastocyst production in cultures of one-cell hamster embryos. 12 On taking more than the recommended daily intake (more than 5 mg) of PA, several side effects are observed.…”