Curative effect analysis of robot-assisted drainage surgery in treatment of spontaneous hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage

Abstract

ObjectiveSpontaneous hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage (HBSH) is characterized by sudden onset, rapid progression and poor prognosis. There has been a growing tendency of surgical treatment for HBSH. This study aimed to investigate outcomes and potential factors associated with the prognosis of robot-assisted drainage surgery for HBSH treatment.MethodsPatients with HBSH from July 2016 to March 2023 at a single neurosurgery center were included and divided into conservative group and surgical groups. Baseline and clinical data, radiographic characteristics, complications, and outcome evaluations were recorded and analyzed.ResultsA total of 125 patients, with 74 in the conservative group and 51 in the surgical group, were enrolled in the study. Mortality at 6 months was 59/74 (79.7%) in the conservative group and 9/51 (17.6%) in the surgical group. Twenty-four patients (47.1%) achieved favorable outcomes in the surgical group, whereas this rate in the conservative group was only 5.4% (4/74). There was a significant difference in NIHSS, GCS, and mRS at 6 months between surviving patients in the conservative and surgical groups. In prognostic analysis in the surgical subgroup, initial GCS score [5 (IQR 4–7) vs. 3 (IQR 3–4), p < 0.001], NIHSS [36 (IQR 32–38) vs. 40 (IQR 38–40), p < 0.001], smoking history [45.8% (11/24) vs. 74.1% (20/27), p = 0.039], hematoma volume [6.9 (IQR 6.2–7.6) vs. 9.6 (IQR 7.3–11.4), p = 0.001], and hemorrhage location (p = 0.001) were potential risk factors for poor 6-month prognosis after robot-assisted surgery for HBSH.ConclusionBased on the results of this study, robot-assisted minimally invasive drainage of brain stem hematoma may significantly reduce mortality and improve prognosis. Surgery should be conducted for selected patients.