Curare-Like Actions of Tri-(Diethylaminoethoxy) -Benzene Triethyliodide

Mushin, William W.; Wien, R.; Mason, D. F. J.; Langston, G. T.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(49)92297-7

Cited by 76 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…An explanation is offered by the results here which show that neostigmine has a relatively short duration of maximum activity and this finding is supported by an in vitro study of the inhibition of cholinesterase by neostigmine (Kitz 1964 (Mushin et al 1949) and probably tubocurarine (Cohen et al 1967) are largely excreted in the urine and so care should be taken to avoid such conditions as dehydration and hypotension, which can decrease urinary output. Perhaps insufficient attention is paid to water requirements on the day of operation and, certainly, the urine output should be carefully observed in the post-operative period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Residual Post-Operative Paralysis

Hannington-Kiff

Hunter

1971

Survey of Anesthesiology

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For several hours after anesthesia in which a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant has been used, many patients show ptosis and nystagmus which suggest a minor degree of paralysis. Particularly striking is the associated finding of a divergent position of the eyes and the extent of this divergence can be used as a very sensitive measure of the effects of small amounts of muscle relaxant. The results are presented here of the application of such measurements in the investigation of the incidence and nature of residual paralysis in the post-operative period.Methods

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Residual Post-Operative Paralysis

Hannington-Kiff

Hunter

1971

Survey of Anesthesiology

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“…4. R. H. JOHNSON AND OTHERS blocking activity, and subject M.M. with gallamine which has little or none (Mushin, Wien, Mason & Langston, 1949). When they were cooled under these conditions the 02 uptake and CO2 output showed no rise, as with subject G.W.…”

Section: Gw 37mentioning

confidence: 93%

Oxygen consumption of paralysed men exposed to cold

Johnson¹,

Smith²,

Spalding³

1963

The Journal of Physiology

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When a mammal is exposed to a cold environment its metabolism increases and there may be a progressive increase in activity of skeletal muscle (Burton & Bronk, 1937) leading eventually to shivering. In small mammals metabolism also increases in tissues other than skeletal muscles (Davis & Meyer, 1955), but it is uncertain whether this is so in larger mammals including man (Burton & Edholm, 1955;Ruch & Fulton, 1960). The oxygen consumption of five subjects whose skin was cooled for 80-2 10 min was measured. Two subjects were healthy men, one had almost complete paralysis of skeletal muscle due to poliomyelitis and two were unconscious and were studied before and after receiving a muscle relaxant. (Hatfield, 1949); when his trunk was heated with a radiant-heat cradle there was normal vasodilatation in his hands measured in the same way, and sweating tested with Quinizarin (Guttmann, 1940) was normal. His metabolic rate was first examined without his having received any drugs, and then whilst receiving paralysing doses of D-tubocurarine. (Heights and weights are not available for the patients receiving IPPR). METHODS

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“…Shortly after the introduction of gallamine into clinical practice, this relaxant was reported to produce prolonged paralysis in the presence of renal failure (Fairley, 1950) and subsequent case reports have confirmed this, including those by Feldman & Levi (1963) and Singer, Dutton & Way (1971). The clinical impression that gallamine is contraindicated in the presence of renal failure is supported by the study in cats and rabbits by Mushin et aL (1949), and more recently with studies concerning the excretion of gallamine in the dog (Feldman, Cohen & Golling, 1969). The latter workers have suggested that this relaxant is excreted en-0306-5251/81/080141-07 $01.00 tirely by the kidney, an observation consistent with the results of Agoston etaaL (1978) who reported that biliary excretion of gallamine in man is negligible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gallamine disposition in surgical patients with chronic renal failure.

Ramzan¹,

Shanks²,

Triggs³

1981

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1 Plasma levels of gallamine and the elicited neuromuscular response have been measured in seven patients with compromised renal function who received a single 2 mg/kg dose and in a further patient who received an initial dose of 2 mg/kg followed by two additional doses of 1 mg/kg. 2 The plasma level-time data from all patients was adequately explained by a biexponential equation interpreted as a two-compartment open mammillary model. 3 Comparison of the model-independent pharmacokinetic parameters for gallamine between these patients and a group of normal patients revealed that the elimination phase half-life (T1 3) was significantly prolonged in renal failure with a marked reduction in the plasma clearance of gallamine. 4 Gallamine had larger apparent volumes of distribution in the presence of renal failure than those found in normal patients. 5 The peak paralysis levels attained and the associated plasma concentrations of gallamine were similar in patients with and without renal failure. 6 At this low dosage the rate of recovery from paralysis in renal failure patients, though similar to that noted normally, appeared to be somewhat slower in some patients. 7 The results suggest that gallamine is not to be preferred to other nondepolarizing muscle relaxants in patients with renal failure.

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Curare-Like Actions of Tri-(Diethylaminoethoxy) -Benzene Triethyliodide

Cited by 76 publications

References 1 publication

Residual Post-Operative Paralysis

Residual Post-Operative Paralysis

Oxygen consumption of paralysed men exposed to cold

Gallamine disposition in surgical patients with chronic renal failure.

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