Cup-to-disc ratio, intraocular pressure, and primary open-angle glaucoma in retinal venous occlusion1 1The authors have no commercial or proprietary interest in any of the products or ideas presented in this article.

Beaumont, Paul; Kang, Hyong Kwon

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(01)00922-8

Cited by 51 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Although we do not have exfoliative glaucoma cases in our study, Prata et al manifested that retinal vascular occlusion in patients with exfoliation syndrome occurs most frequently in the affected or more severely affected eye [12]. This is in agreement with the consensus that large cupping in glaucoma patients is vulnerable to CRVO [3, 12]. Moreover, the incidence of the ischemic CRVO type in pre-existing glaucoma was similar to that in the non-glaucoma population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Beaumont et al found that retinal venous occlusion at the optic cup has a higher IOP, C/D ratio and prevalence of POAG [3]. In contrast, Hayreh et alcompared CRVO patients and found that even without glaucoma medication, patients with pre-existing glaucoma had a lower IOP in the lesion eye compared to patients without pre-existing glaucoma [13, 14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies from Western countries have a high incidence of pre-existing primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in patients with CRVO [1–3]. However, Asian populations differ from Western populations in that the incidence of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is much higher.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neovascular glaucoma after central retinal vein occlusion in pre-existing glaucoma

Chen

Lai

et al. 2014

BMC Ophthalmol

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BackgroundTo determine the outcome of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in pre-existing glaucoma and the predisposing factors of developing neovascular glaucoma (NVG).MethodsWe retrospectively assessed a pre-existing glaucoma CRVO group and a non-glaucoma CRVO group to elucidate the demographics, clinical course and ocular parameters of these two cohorts. Among the pre-existing glaucoma cases, the predisposing factors for the development of NVG were monitored, including the retinal capillary non-perfusion status, intraocular pressure (IOP) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation.ResultsOf 642 CRVO patients reviewed in this 10-year cohort study, 60 (9.3%) had pre-existing glaucoma at a mean follow-up of 30.8 months, including 28 (4.4%) primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), 27 (4.2%) primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), and 5 (0.8%) normal tension glaucoma (NTG) cases. Although the presence of glaucoma in the CRVO eyes was not significantly associated with the risk of developing NVG, the incidence of developing NVG in pre-existing glaucoma eyes was significantly higher in the group with IOP greater than 20 mmHg at CRVO presentation (P = 0.02, Chi-square test) as well as in the ischemic CRVO group compared to the non-ischemic patients (P = 0.005, Fisher’s exact test). Overall, 20% of pre-existing glaucoma patients needed glaucoma surgery after a CRVO event, including 11.7% of patients who developed iris neovascularisation (INV) and 8.3% of patients who developed a high IOP without INV.ConclusionsBoth the retinal non-perfusion status and uncontrolled IOP contribute to NVG in patients with pre-existing glaucoma after CRVO. Following CRVO, glaucoma surgery is necessary for pre-existing glaucoma cases with intractable elevated IOP with or without INV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neovascular glaucoma after central retinal vein occlusion in pre-existing glaucoma

Chen

Lai

et al. 2014

BMC Ophthalmol

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“…Ocular hypertension and glaucomatous optic nerve cupping has been shown to be associated with branch RVO occurring at the optic nerve head or optic cup without optic nerve head edema. In contrast, ocular hypertension and glaucomatous cupping were not associated with branch RVO at the arteriovenous crossing site or with RVO associated with optic nerve swelling [25]. …”

Section: Central Retinal Vein Occlusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neovascular Glaucoma

Havens

Gulati²

2015

Developments in Ophthalmology

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Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a secondary ocular pathological condition resulting from a myriad of ocular and systemic conditions with retinal ischemia as a mediator in over 95% of cases. NVG is caused by the growth of a fibrovascular membrane secondary to a local angiogenic stimulus over the trabecular meshwork obstructing aqueous outflow. This results in an initial secondary open-angle glaucoma stage that may be amenable to intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medications and modulation of the underlying ischemic process, often in combination with panretinal photocoagulation and adjunctive use of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. In the more advanced stages of neovascularization, connective tissue myofibroblasts associated with new vessel growth contract causing progressive synechial closure of the anterior-chamber angle. Elevation of IOP, once significant secondary angle closure is established, tends to be refractory to topical and oral IOP-lowering medications and often requires glaucoma surgical interventions.

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“…The importance to subdivide vein occlusions on the basis of the occlusion site and to study the features of the ONH with regard to this aspect is due to Beaumont [8, 16]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of Optic Disc Through Heidelberg Retina Tomograph in Retinal Vein Occlusions Alone or in Combination with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma§

Actis¹,

Belli²,

Dallorto³

et al. 2013

TOOPHTJ

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Purpose:To evaluate the morphology of optic discs in eyes suffering from retinal vein occlusion (RVO) alone or in combination with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).Methods:Prospective, observational study. 48 consecutive patients were enrolled, 30 with unilateral RVO diagnosis, 18 with unilateral retinal vein occlusion (RVO) associated with POAG. We divided RVOs on the basis of occlusion site: arterio-venous crossing (AV-RVO), optic cup (OC-RVO), optic nerve (ON-RVO) with head nerve swelling (ONHS-RVO) or without it (NONHS-RVO). A control group of 25 patients who were sex and age matched was selected.Results:Comparing the fellow eyes of the patients with RVO and control healthy eyes, no differences emerged in cup/disc ratio but they came out for the HRT values in Rim Area, cup shape measure and height variation contour (p<0.05).The most frequent occlusion site was at the level of an arteriovenous crossing in patients not suffering from POAG (36.7%) and at the level of the optic cup in patients with RVO and POAG (50%). In the RVO group without POAG, the OC-RVO subgroup has shown an higher cup area (0.366±0.094) and cup/disc area ratio (0.184±0.063), a lower rim volume (0.374±0.021) and a different cup shape measure (-0.221±0.066) (p<0.05) compared with the AV and NONHS sites. Compared with NONHS group differences emerged also for the fibres parameters and in the height variation contour (0.346±0.081). Also in the RVO group with POAG significant differences (p<0.05) have been surveyed between OC-RVO and other occlusion sites in cup area (0.119±0.029), cup/disc area ratio (0.532±0.09), rim volume (0.374±0.07), cup/shape measure (-0.079±0.013).Conclusions:Classification of the analyzed parameters on the basis of the occlusion site provides a basis for which clinical decisions and research on causal factors in future studies can be based on.

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Cup-to-disc ratio, intraocular pressure, and primary open-angle glaucoma in retinal venous occlusion1 1The authors have no commercial or proprietary interest in any of the products or ideas presented in this article.

Cited by 51 publications

References 11 publications

Neovascular glaucoma after central retinal vein occlusion in pre-existing glaucoma

Neovascular glaucoma after central retinal vein occlusion in pre-existing glaucoma

Neovascular Glaucoma

Morphology of Optic Disc Through Heidelberg Retina Tomograph in Retinal Vein Occlusions Alone or in Combination with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma§

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