CuO Nanoparticles Catalyzed C−N, C−O, and C−S Cross-Coupling Reactions: Scope and Mechanism

Abstract

CuO nanoparticles have been studied for C-N, C-O, and C-S bond formations via cross-coupling reactions of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur nucleophiles with aryl halides. Amides, amines, imidazoles, phenols, alcohols and thiols undergo reactions with aryl iodides in the presence of a base such as KOH, Cs(2)CO(3), and K(2)CO(3) at moderate temperature. The procedure is simple, general, ligand-free, and efficient to afford the cross-coupled products in high yield.

Improving date palm (phoenix dactylifera l. cv. estamaran) calogenesis by the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles

“…Zinc as an essential element belongs to micronutrients group (Jammi et al, 2009) and due to having nutritional values, is needed for living organisms' cells. Furthermore, Zn acts as enzymes cofactor and is involved in protein binding, transcriptional and translational regulation, enzyme activity, and signal transduction (Zhang et al, 2005).…”

Different copper oxide nanostructures: Synthesis, characterization, and application for C‐N cross‐coupling catalysis

“…Among them, aniline and iodobenzene are the standard substrates of Ullmann reaction. So we use the reaction to evaluate the properties of the as-prepared CuO and Cu 2 O micro-/nanomaterials, based on those literatures [22,43].…”

“…The potential advantages of heterogeneous catalysis are well known, such as easy separation, efficient recycling and minimization of metal traces in the product and an improved handling and process control that finally result in overall lower costs. Recent studies showed that the cheap, air stable and recyclable copper oxide nanoparticles could be used as superior and promising heterogeneous catalysts in catalyzing cross coupling of C-N, C-S, and C-O [20][21][22]. However, there're still some problems need to be settled, such as whether the sizes and morphologies of copper oxide nanomaterials affect the catalytic activities, and how that occur.…”

Recyclable and reusable nano-CuFe2O4 catalyzed C-O cross-coupling

“…In general, nano scale heterogeneous catalysts provide greater advantages in organic reactions, as they offer higher surface area and lower coordination sites [54][55], which are responsible for higher catalytic activity and increase the reaction rates. Nano-CuO [56][57] and CuI [58] were used as active catalysts for the crosscoupling of aryl halides with phenols under ligand free conditions.…”