CuO Nanoparticle@Polystyrene Hierarchical Porous Foam for the Effective Encapsulation of Octadecanol as a Phase Changing Thermal Energy Storage Material

Abstract

CuO nanoparticle-doped hierarchical porous polymeric frameworks can be used for shape stability of octadecanol (OD) as a phase change material (PCM) for latent heat energy storage (LHTES) applications. A hierarchical porous foam polymer was synthesized by high internal phase emulsion polymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene doped with/without CuO. The synthesized high internal phase templated polymers (PHPs) with hierarchical pores were capable of absorbing up to 75 wt % OD without seepage behavior. The morphological, structural, and thermal behavior of PHPs/OD and PHPs@CuO/OD composite PCMs was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Thermal analysis results revealed that PHP containing 75 wt % OD has an LHTES capacity of 190.4–194.0 J/g in the temperature range of 52.0–53.0 °C. The chemical and thermal stabilities of the developed composite PCMs were tested with repetitive thermal cycles. After 0.25 wt % CuO nanoparticle doping, the thermal conductivity of the composite PCM increased up to 86 and 17% compared to PHP and pure OD, respectively. Heat storage/releasing times of PHP@CuO/OD reduced about 20–22% relative to those of PHP/OD because of improved thermal conductivity. The thermal stability of PHP/OD and PHP@CuO/OD composites increased from 196 to 278 °C and 251 °C, respectively, compared to pure OD. The results exposed that especially PHP@CuO/OD composite PCMs are good candidates for LHTES applications because of their considerably high LHTES capacity.

Hierarchical Macroporous PolyDCPD Composites from Surface-Modified Calcite-Stabilized High Internal Phase Emulsions

“…Macroporous poly(High Internal Phase Emulsion) (polyHIPE) foams offer the advantages of permeable monolith structures in many fields in which transfer phenomena are important [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. PolyHIPEs can serves as supports in adsorption processes [ 5 , 6 ], catalysis [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], tissue engineering [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], storage of gases [ 13 ] and solvents [ 14 ], thermal energy storage [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], and in the preparation of the electrode material of supercapacitors [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. In this context, especially in recent years, the use of polyHIPEs as support materials for preparing composite phase change materials (PCMs) has become a research topic of great interest.…”

“…In this context, especially in recent years, the use of polyHIPEs as support materials for preparing composite phase change materials (PCMs) has become a research topic of great interest. Several groups have reported polyHIPE/PCM composites for latent heat storage applications [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 21 ]. Studies on polyHIPE/PCM composites have reported monolithic polyHIPEs displaying leak-tightness properties during phase changes [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 21 ].…”

“…Several groups have reported polyHIPE/PCM composites for latent heat storage applications [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 21 ]. Studies on polyHIPE/PCM composites have reported monolithic polyHIPEs displaying leak-tightness properties during phase changes [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 21 ]. This can be accomplished because of the specific open cellular structure, where cavities are connected through pore throats [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”