Cumulative trauma and midlife well-being in American women who served in Vietnam: effects of combat exposure and postdeployment social support

Park, Crystal L.; Wachen, Jennifer Schuster; Kaiser, Anica Pless; Stellman, Jeanne Mager

doi:10.1080/10615806.2014.944905

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The concept of resilience is in line with the stress-buffering theory, where the impact of a PTE is buffered against due to an individual’s belief that their support systems are available if needed (Lakey & Cohen, 2000). Perceived social support has shown significant buffering effects with police (Stephens & Long, 1999), tsunami survivors (Arnberg, Hultman, Michel, & Lundin, 2012), and female Vietnam veterans (Park, Wachen, Kaiser, & Mager Stellman, 2015). Different sources of perceived social support have also shown differential buffering effects in a sample of New Zealand Police officers, with perceived social support from peers showing evidence of buffering effects, whereas perceived social support from supervisors and nonwork sources did not (Stephens & Long, 1999).…”

Section: Perceived Social Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

The working life of a surf lifesaver: The traumatic experiences and consequences of New Zealand surf lifeguards.

Rooke¹,

Terte²

2024

Traumatology

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Surf lifeguards are exposed to a range of potentially traumatic events, yet little is known about the impact of this work. A cross-sectional online survey gathered information on personal and surf lifesaving trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, posttraumatic growth, perceived social support, and perceived self-efficacy. Statistical analyses were performed to explore hypothesized relationships between these constructs and demographic variables. A total of 181 lifeguards, 17 years and older, were included in the final analysis. Men reported significantly higher trauma exposure; women presented with higher posttraumatic stress; and adolescent participants reported higher posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth. However, personal traumatic events alone showed a small but significant relationship with posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth. The expected relationships between perceived social support and perceived self-efficacy and between perceived self-efficacy and posttraumatic stress were not verified. Perceived social support and perceived self-efficacy did show a small significant positive relationship with posttraumatic growth. Exploratory analysis did show that age moderated the relationship between trauma exposure and both posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth. Key findings suggest that young lifeguards may be more vulnerable to posttraumatic stress yet have the potential to develop posttraumatic growth with increased trauma exposure, and women may be more vulnerable to posttraumatic stress than men. Although more research is needed to support the current findings, identifying those at risk for posttraumatic stress may be an important focus for the surf lifesaving community.

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Section: Perceived Social Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

The working life of a surf lifesaver: The traumatic experiences and consequences of New Zealand surf lifeguards.

Rooke¹,

Terte²

2024

Traumatology

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“…Some of the other variables that correlate with prevalence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are age (highest rates in adolescence and young adulthood) and ethnicity. Although PTSD is most commonly associated with the PTE exposure, other symptoms of other disorders might occur as a result of traumatic exposure: depression (Maercker, Neimeyer, & Simiola, ), problematic substance use (Najavits, Hyman, Ruglass, Hien, & Read, ), abd suicidal ideation (i.e., LeBouthillier, McMillan, Thibodeau, & Asmundson, ); PTE experiences are also associated with lower levels of psychological well‐being (i.e., Park, Wachen, Kaiser, & Stellman, ). A distinct type of psychological outcome of the traumatic exposure is the posttraumatic growth (Tedeschi & Calhoun, ), a positive change experienced as a result of overcoming a stressful, challenging situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religiosity and the psychological outcomes of trauma: A systematic review of quantitative studies

Kucharska

2019

J Clin Psychol

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Objective This is a broad review examining the relationships between religiosity and the psychological outcomes of trauma. Previous studies showed that some constructs of religiosity are associated with lower severity of symptoms of mental disorders, whereas others, for instance, negative religious coping, predict deteriorated mental health. Method A systematic review of peer‐reviewed quantitative studies was conducted to examine the patterns of relationships between religiosity and psychological outcomes of trauma, potential causal relationships, and specific effect of religiosity on the outcomes on trauma. Results A total of 79 quantitative studies were included. The majority focused on military trauma or various types of traumatic exposure in the general population. Most of the studies employed a cross‐sectional design. Conclusions The associations between religiosity and psychological outcomes of trauma depend on the concept of religion used in a study, type of trauma. There is not enough evidence to support the causal effect of religiosity.

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“…The experience of trauma has implications for outcomes in midlife, including decreased well‐being, lack of emotional regulation, and poorer health (Infurna et al, 2015). Park et al (2015) posit that both childhood and adult trauma contribute to health outcomes in midlife and older adults. Such effects can often accumulate for these populations (Ogle et al, 2014; Park et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Park et al (2015) posit that both childhood and adult trauma contribute to health outcomes in midlife and older adults. Such effects can often accumulate for these populations (Ogle et al, 2014; Park et al, 2015). Aspects of the meaning‐making process have been shown to be relevant to midlife adult populations (e.g., Cox & McAdams, 2014), but comprehensive research investigating the long‐term effects of meaning making toward adjustment to traumatic events in the context of aging in midlife to older adulthood remains an area of need.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal investigation of the meaning‐making model in midlife adults who have experienced trauma

2021

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Introduction Park and Folkman's (1997) meaning‐making model posits that distress from traumatic events stems from discrepancies between one's global meaning framework and appraised situational meaning of the traumatic event, with meaning making diminishing these discrepancies and thus bolstering well‐being. The current study investigates this supposition over a 19‐year span in mid‐life adults. Methods We selected participants from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study who had indicated the experience of a negatively impactful traumatic event (N = 1687). We hypothesized that increased positive reappraisal (a type of meaning making) would have an indirect effect on positive and negative affect through the three dimensions of meaning in life (significance, coherence, and purpose). Results All direct and indirect effects were significant and supported hypotheses. Conclusion Results suggest that the assertions of the meaning‐making model hold true over a period of nearly two decades among mid‐life adults who have experienced traumatic events.

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Cumulative trauma and midlife well-being in American women who served in Vietnam: effects of combat exposure and postdeployment social support

Abstract: These results may have important implications for interventions to reduce the impact of traumatic experiences, particularly in light of the increasing exposure of women to direct combat events.

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

The working life of a surf lifesaver: The traumatic experiences and consequences of New Zealand surf lifeguards.

The working life of a surf lifesaver: The traumatic experiences and consequences of New Zealand surf lifeguards.

Religiosity and the psychological outcomes of trauma: A systematic review of quantitative studies

A longitudinal investigation of the meaning‐making model in midlife adults who have experienced trauma

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