Cumulative risk assessment of the exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in the Dutch diet

Boon, Polly; Voet, Hilko van der; Raaij, M.T.M. van; Klaveren, J.D. van

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.06.083

Cited by 83 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…An index compound is a compound with an extensive toxicological database and one of the best studied within the group. Other studies, (Boon et al 2008;Jensen et al 2009), used this method to estimate total OP and carbamates exposure in diets. The averages of pesticide concentrations, consumption rate, and body weights were used in the study to calculate the consumer risk of pesticides via readyto-eat vegetables.…”

Section: Relative Potency Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several methods such as the point of departure index (PODI), and the margin of exposure (MOE) could be used to evaluate the risk; however, the study used hazard index (HI) and the RPF approach, although they all have their limitations. The RPF approach, for example, can only be used if the effects of the individual substances are dose-additive (Boon et al 2008). …”

Section: Consumption Trends Of Ready-to-eat Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health risks due to consumption of pesticides in ready-to-eat vegetables (salads) in Kumasi, Ghana

et al. 2017

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Background: Pesticide residue levels were determined in ready-to-eat vegetables collected from 16 sites along the food chain; which is, farms, markets, cafeterias and street food vending sites in Kumasi, Ghana. The aim of the study was to determine the concentrations of pesticides residues in two ready-to-eat vegetables and assess the health risks due to consumption of these contaminated vegetables. Methods: Pesticide residues in ready-to-eat vegetables or salads were extracted by means of the QuEChERS method. Synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphorus pesticides residues in samples were determined using Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detector and Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector respectively. Consumption data of ready-to-eat vegetables were obtained from a questionnaire-based dietary survey in the study area. The hazard index and the relative potency factor (RPFs) approaches were used to assess the health risk from chronic cumulative dietary exposure to pesticides. Results: There were six synthetic pyrethroid residues detected in the ready-to-eat samples at varying concentrations. They were bifenthrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and fenvalerate. Also, two organophosphates were detected in the samples; which were chlorpyrifos and diazinon. Lambda-cyhalothrin residues was present in all the samples in the study, with the mean concentration of 4.5 × 10 −2 mgkg −1 . The mean concentration of diazinon in all the samples (0.040 mgkg −1 ) exceeded the EU MRLs (0.01 mgkg −1 ), chlopyrifos exceeded its MRL in one sample from the street food vending site and cafeteria each. Deltamethrin, Fenvalerate and Permethrin exceeded their respective MRL in samples from Asafo (Street food vending sites) and Adum (Cafeteria) and KNUST (Farm) respectively. However, the health index of all pesticides residues detected were below the permissible limit. The cumulative intake from the RPF approach for the pesticides were relatively lower than the ADI of the index chemicals. Conclusion: The concentrations of chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, diazinon and permethrin exceeded their respective EU MRLs in some ready-to-eat vegetable samples in the study. The health index and comparison of cumulative intake from RPF with ADI of the index chemicals suggest that pesticide residues in ready-to-eat vegetables could not be considered a major public health problem.

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Section: Relative Potency Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consumption Trends Of Ready-to-eat Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risks due to consumption of pesticides in ready-to-eat vegetables (salads) in Kumasi, Ghana

et al. 2017

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“…Oral exposure is thought to be the most important route for carbamate absorption. Exposure usually happens during food intake because of carbamate insecticide residuals on food (Barnat et al 2010;Boon et al 2008). Other examples can occur, such as intentional ingestion for suicide purpose (Ameno et al 2001;Barnat et al 2010).…”

Section: Absorption Of Carbamatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbamates have been widely applied onto bednets and as indoor sprays in malarial control in recent years and achieved some positive results Djè nontin et al 2009;Djè nontin et al 2010), but the increasing number of reports finding carbamate-and organophosphate-resistant A. gambiae stains requires the discovery of alternative anticholinesterases (Boon et al 2008;Corbel et al 2003;Mostafa and Allam 2001;N'Guessan et al 2003). In the following pages, brief introduction will be given on the structure, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of carbamate and organophosphate insecticides.…”

Section: General Introduction Of Malaria and Current Malaria Control mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of novel carbamate insecticides for neurotoxicity to non-target species

Jiang

Swale

Carlier

et al. 2013

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

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Malaria (vector: Anopheles gambiae) is a major infectious disease that kills about 1 million people each year. For the improvement of its treatment and vector control during the past decades, several issues such as high medicine cost, insecticide resistance, and lack of an effective vaccine have prevented adequate control of malaria. Additionally, the low selectivity of malaria vector insecticides also presents a public health problem. The purpose of developing novel carbamate insecticides in our laboratory is to offer effective and selective insecticide options to achieve the ultimate goal of malaria control.First, 50% inhibition concentration (IC 50 ) data was collected from three mammalian AChEs with eight commercial carbamate insecticides by using the Ellman assay. The IC 50 values varied from 57 nM to 7358 nM. The AChE sensitivity pattern and level were shown to be similar between the recombinant mouse and ICR male mouse brain cortex homogenate (slope = 0.99, R 2 = 0.96).Then eight novel carbamate insecticides that are possible malaria vector control agents were selected for further neurotoxicity testing in non-target organisms. Neurotoxic esterase (NTE) assay showed that the novel carbamates did not significantly inhibit NTE, inhibition of which underlies a significant hazard for anticholinesterases, especially organophosphates, in several nontarget vertebrate organisms. The NTE activity in the presence of novel carbamate insecticides ranged from 93% to 116% of the control, while in the commercial group, bendiocarb significantly inhibited NTE, leaving only 76.5% of the initial reactivity at 1 mM inhibitor concentration.Further in vivo bioassay using Daphnia magna was conducted to compare the aquatic toxicity of commercial and novel carbamates. The data showed that except for PRC331 (3-tertbutylphenylmethylcarbamate), all novel carbamates were of similar potency as bendiocarb (LC 50 = 611 nM) for aquatic toxicity, and their LC 50 values ranged from 172 nM (PRC331) to 1109 nM.In conclusion, the novel carbamate insecticides would appear to be an improvement over commercial carbamate insecticides because of greater selectivity, negligible NTE inhibition capacity, but in some cases with potent in vivo toxicity to Daphnia magna. However, since the envisioned usage of these compounds is in bednets or as indoor residual sprays (IRS), any environmental exposures to nontarget aquatic organisms are expected to be minimal.iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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“…However, as with the overuse of many pesticides, the OP and CM compounds leave residues in the soil, crops and surface water, which in turn exert a great threat to the environment and human health. The OP and CM compounds enter organisms and then inhibit the activity of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) by irreversibly binding to the active site of this enzyme, which is important for the transmission of nerve impulses (Wu et al, 2009;Somerset et al, 2009;García de Llasera et al, 2009;Mavrikou et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2008;Boon et al, 2008;Pinheiro & De Andrade, 2009). A broad range of adverse effects can result from AChE inhibition and it includes abdominal pain and cramps, glandular secretions, skeletal muscle twitching, flaccid paralysis, tiredness, nausea, blurred vision, drowsiness, eye pain, convulsions, respiratory failure and untimely death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercaptobenzothiazole-on-Gold Organic Phase Biosensor Systems: 3. Thick-Film Biosensors for Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticide Determination

Somerset¹,

Baker²,

Iwuoha³

2010

Intelligent and Biosensors

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Cumulative risk assessment of the exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in the Dutch diet

Cited by 83 publications

References 18 publications

Health risks due to consumption of pesticides in ready-to-eat vegetables (salads) in Kumasi, Ghana

Health risks due to consumption of pesticides in ready-to-eat vegetables (salads) in Kumasi, Ghana

Evaluation of novel carbamate insecticides for neurotoxicity to non-target species

Mercaptobenzothiazole-on-Gold Organic Phase Biosensor Systems: 3. Thick-Film Biosensors for Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticide Determination

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