Cumulative Risk and Protection Models of Child Maltreatment

Masten, Ann S.; Wright, Margaret O’Dougherty

doi:10.1300/j146v02n01_02

Cited by 134 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Similar dose gradients have been observed in research on child maltreatment (Masten and Wright, 1998). Clearly, 50-80% of children will show at least some signs of PTSD when they directly experience intense threats, as posed, for example, by tear-gas attacks (Thabet and Vostanis, 2000), witnessing the murder or beating of their parents (Chase et al, 1999;Sack et al, 1999;Thabet and Vostanis, 1999), or by neardeath experiences (Sack et al, 1999).…”

Section: Personal Exposure To War and Terrorismsupporting

confidence: 56%

Trauma, Proximity, and Developmental Psychopathology: The Effects of War and Terrorism on Children

Pine

Costello

Masten

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

135

121

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This report summarizes recent literature relevant to the effects of terrorism on children's mental health. The paper addresses three aspects of this topic. In the first section of the paper, data are reviewed concerning the relationships among stress, trauma, and developmental psychopathology. A particular emphasis is placed on associations with indirect forms of trauma, given that terrorism involves high levels of indirect trauma. Second, the paper delineates a set of key principles to be considered when considering ways in which the effects of terrorism on children's mental health can be minimized. Third, data are reviewed from studies in developmental psychobiology. These data are designed to illustrate the mechanisms through which children exhibit unique effects in the wake of traumatic circumstances.

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Section: Personal Exposure To War and Terrorismsupporting

confidence: 56%

Trauma, Proximity, and Developmental Psychopathology: The Effects of War and Terrorism on Children

Pine

Costello

Masten

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

135

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It soon became apparent that risk factors rarely occur in isolation. More typically, children with high risk are exposed to multiple adversities extending over time, sometimes for very long periods of their lives (Dong et al, 2004 ;Finkelhor, Ormrod, Turner, & Holt, 2009 ;Masten & Wright, 1998 ;Obradović et al, 2012 ) . Outcomes generally worsen as risk factors pile up in children's lives, and concomitantly, resilience becomes less common.…”

Section: Key Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience Processes in Development: Four Waves of Research on Positive Adaptation in the Context of Adversity

Wright

Masten

Narayan

2012

Handbook of Resilience in Children

Self Cite

546

457

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2How do children and adolescents "make it" when their development is threatened by poverty, neglect, maltreatment, war, violence, or exposure to oppression, racism, and discrimination? What protects them when their parents are disabled by substance abuse, mental illness, or serious physical illness? How do we explain the phenomenon of resilience-children succeeding in spite of serious challenges to their development-and put this knowledge to work for the bene fi t of children and society? The scienti fi c study of resilience emerged around 1970 when a group of pioneering researchers began to notice the phenomenon of positive adaptation among subgroups of children who were considered "at risk" for developing later psychopathology (Masten, 2001(Masten, , 2012 .The resilience research pioneers led a revolution in thinking about the origins and treatment of psychopathology. The primary focus of earlier clinical research on children at high risk for psychopathology had been either to observe the consequences of adversity or the unfolding of risk processes accounting for the etiology of disorders. Research efforts were directed towards understanding pathology and de fi cits, rather than on how problems were averted, resolved, or transcended. The fi eld of mental health at the time was dominated by psychoanalytic theory and a disease-oriented biomedical model that located the source of illness within the individual. However, the fi rst investigators to explore the phenomenon of resilience realized that models based primarily on predicting psychopathology were limited in scope and usefulness, providing little understanding of how good outcomes were achieved by many of the children identi fi ed as "at risk." Such information was vital to the goal of intervening to improve the odds of good developmental outcomes among children at risk. One of the great contributions of the early investigators was their recognition and championing of the idea that understanding positive developmental pathways in the context of adversity is fundamentally important for preventing and treating problems, particularly among children at risk for psychopathology.The study of resilience has advanced in four major waves of research. In this chapter we highlight the concepts and fi ndings resulting from these waves to date, as they have shaped an emerging resilience framework for research and practice. The fi rst wave of work yielded good descriptions of resilience phenomena, along with basic concepts and methodologies, and focused on the individual. The second wave yielded a more dynamic accounting of resilience, adopting a developmental systems approach to theory and research on positive adaptation in the context of adversity or risk, and focused on the transactions among individuals and the many systems in which their development is embedded. The third wave focused on creating resilience by intervention

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“…Como ponen de manifiesto algunas investigaciones (Gest, Neeman, Hubbard, Masten y Tellegen, 1993;Jackson y Warren, 2000;Kim et al, 2003), el impacto de estos acontecimientos se extiende a los problemas de comportamiento, llegando incluso a relacionarse con el aumento de actividades antisociales. Aunque algunos autores han señalado el interés de investigar la relación entre acontecimientos estresantes específicos y consecuencias psicológicas (McMahon, Grant, Compas, Thurm y Ey, 2003), muchos de estos acontecimientos suelen estar relacionados entre sí y tienen un efecto acumulativo (Masten y Wright, 1998). Por ello, los inventarios que incluyen un listado de acontecimientos vitales y que proporcionan un índice global de adversidad suelen ser uno de los métodos más empleados por los investigadores.…”

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Acontecimientos vitales estresantes, resiliencia y ajuste adolescente

Delgado¹,

Morago²,

Jiménez³

et al. 2008

RPPC

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Resumen: El presente estudio analizó el impacto de la ocurrencia de acontecimientos vitales estresantes en el ajuste adolescente. Con este objetivo, 101 adolescentes fueron estudiados en dos ocasiones, cuando se encontraban en la adolescencia media (15-16 años) y dos años después (17-18 años). Los participantes cumplimentaron instrumentos sobre acontecimientos vitales estresantes, relaciones familiares y ajuste adolescente. Los resultados mostraron la influencia significativa de este tipo de acontecimientos sobre la satisfacción vital, los problemas emocionales y, sobre todo, los problemas exteriorizantes. Además, la utilización de un análisis centrado en el sujeto reveló que los adolescentes resilientes (mucha adversidad y pocos problemas exteriorizantes) gozaban de relaciones familiares de mayor calidad que los adolescentes maladaptados (mucha adversidad y muchos problemas exteriorizantes). Por lo tanto, unas relaciones familiares positivas durante la adolescencia pueden ser consideradas como un factor de protección ante las consecuencias negativas de los acontecimientos vitales estresantes. Palabras clave: problemas internalizantes, problemas externalizantes, resiliencia, adolescencia Stressful life events, resilience and adolescent adjustmentAbstract: This study analyses the impact of the occurrence of stressful life events in adolescent adjustment. To this end 101 adolescents were studied twice, first when they were in middle adolescence (15-16 years) and then two years later (17-18 years). Participants filled out questionnaires about stressful life events, family relationships and adolescent adjustment. The results show a significant influence of this type of events on life-satisfaction, emotional problems and, specially, on externalizing problems. Besides, the use of a person-centered analysis revealed that resilient adolescents (high adversity and few externalizing problems) had family relationships of a better quality than maladaptive peers (high adversity, many externalizing problems). So, supportive family relationships during adolescence can be considered a protective factor against the negative consequences of stressful life events.

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Cumulative Risk and Protection Models of Child Maltreatment

Cited by 134 publications

References 40 publications

Trauma, Proximity, and Developmental Psychopathology: The Effects of War and Terrorism on Children

Trauma, Proximity, and Developmental Psychopathology: The Effects of War and Terrorism on Children

Resilience Processes in Development: Four Waves of Research on Positive Adaptation in the Context of Adversity

Acontecimientos vitales estresantes, resiliencia y ajuste adolescente

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