Cumulative racing-speed exercise distance cluster as a risk factor for fatal musculoskeletal injury in Thoroughbred racehorses in California

Estberg, Leah; Gardner, Ian A.; Stover, Susan M.; Johnson, Bill; Case, James T.; Ardans, Alex

doi:10.1016/0167-5877(95)00489-j

Cited by 87 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Male horses have also been shown to have a higher risk of injury (Estberg et al, 1996a;Estberg et al, 1998a,b;Hernandez et al, 2001;Hernandez et al, 2005). The prior racing history of a horse was also found to be associated with injuries (Estberg et al, 1995;Hernandez et al, 2001;Hernandez et al, 2005;Parkin et al, 2005;Henley et al, 2006;Boden et al, 2007;Lyle et al, 2012). If there was an extended interval since the last race the risk for catastrophic injury was higher (Hernandez et al, 2001;Hernandez et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk of fracture was also higher for horses that did no gallop work during training (Parkin et al, 2005) but horses that accumulated an excess timed work distance within a 2 month period prior a race were at higher risk as well (Estberg et al, 1996a). Exercise history (Estberg et al, 1996a,b;Estberg et al, 1998a,b) (Cohen et al, 2000) (Hernandez et al, 2005;Parkin et al, 2005) and specifically the distance galloped in training (Estberg et al, 1995;Estberg et al, 1996a,b;Estberg et al, 1998a,b;Cohen et al, 2000;Parkin et al, 2004a) have also been associated with injuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for equine fractures in Thoroughbred flat racing in North America

Georgopoulos

Parkin

2017

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for equine fractures in Thoroughbred flat racing in North America

Georgopoulos

Parkin

2017

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…Population based studies are useful in assessing health and performance related issues of equine such as racetrack injuries (8,9,21), training failure (2,19). These studies also can be used to develop a career profile (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of factors affecting the length of racing career of Arabian horses in Turkey

Özen¹,

Gürcan²

2016

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Summary:The purpose of this study was to estimate survival functions and the average length of racing career of Arabian racehorses in Turkey in different circumstances. In addition, it was aimed to determine the risk factors that affect the length of racing career of Arabian horses and to create a model including these factors. In this study, the information of 3354 Arabian racehorses that was born in or after 2003 were used. Kaplan Meier analysis was used to estimate the average length of racing career for each selected factors. Cox regression was used to determine the risk factors affecting the length of racing career as well as creating a model using those factors. Results showed that the mean length of racing career of Arabian horses was 22.74 months (95% CI: 22.04-23.44). Also, 'age', 'sex', 'type of stud farm', 'racing on single type of track surface' and 'earnings' variables were found statistically significant risk factors that affect the length of racing career.Keywords: Arabian horse, racing career, risk factors, survival analysis. Türk safkan Arap atlarında yarış hayatına etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesiÖzet: Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı nitelikteki Türk Safkan Arap atlarının yaşam fonksiyonları ile ortalama yarış hayatı sürelerinin hesaplanmasıdır. Bunun yanısıra, Arap atlarının yarış hayatı uzunluğunda etkili olabilecek risk faktörlerini belirlemek ve bu faktörlerin yer aldığı bir model oluşturmak hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmanın materyalini 2003 ve daha sonraki yıllarda doğan 3354 safkan Arap atı oluşturmaktadır. İncelenen her bir faktör için ortalama yarış hayatı uzunluğunun hesaplanmasında Kaplan-Meier analizi kullanılmıştır. Yarış hayatına etki eden risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi ve bu faktörlerden yararlanılarak bir model oluşturulmasında ise Cox regresyonundan yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, Arap atlarının ortalama yarış hayatı uzunluğu 22.74 ay (%95GA: 22.04-23.44) olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, "yaş", "cinsiyet", "yetiştiği hara tipi", "tek tip yarış pistinde yarışma" ve " kazanç" değişkenlerinin yarış hayatı uzunluğunda istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı etkisi bulunmuştur. Anahtar sözcükler: Arap atı, risk faktörleri, yarış kariyeri, yaşam analizi.

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“…Horses undergoing training put a lot of strain on the distal parts of the forelimbs and back, leading to frequent injuries in those parts of the body [9,14,23]. In the distal parts of the forelimbs, the bones and digital flexor tendons are subjected to extreme overloads [24] predisposing the horse to later injuries [25]. Soroko [26] documented abnormalities of the forelimbs associated with strains and overloads using regular thermographic examinations.…”

Section: 21611/qirt2016121mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of breed, age, gender, training level and ambient temperature on forelimb and back temperature in racehorses

Soroko¹,

Howell²,

Dudek³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography

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A previous thermographic study of racehorses identified thirteen regions of interest (ROIs) for monitoring the impact of training. However, that investigation did not consider the influence of breed, age, gender, or training intensity level on the temperature of ROIs. The present study adopted a multivariate analysis approach to determine whether the aforementioned factors, along with ambient temperature, significantly influenced ROI temperature in the key body regions. Thermography measurements were obtained from 53 racehorses of three breeds. Horses were in regular training for over ten months, having 13 thermographic examinations in each racing season.Backward stepwise multiple linear regression indicated that ambient temperature and breed contributed significantly to the model for predicting ROI temperature at all 13 ROIs. Training intensity level contributed significantly to the model only at the thoracic vertebrae, the left third metacarpal bone, and left fetlock joint. Neither gender nor age contributed to the model significantly at any ROI.Our data suggest that ambient temperature, breed and training level affect racehorse body surface temperature in some areas of the distal parts of the forelimbs and the back. This contributes to a better understanding of the normal range of thermographic findings in racehorses undergoing intensive training.

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Cumulative racing-speed exercise distance cluster as a risk factor for fatal musculoskeletal injury in Thoroughbred racehorses in California

Cited by 87 publications

References 7 publications

Risk factors for equine fractures in Thoroughbred flat racing in North America

Risk factors for equine fractures in Thoroughbred flat racing in North America

Determination of factors affecting the length of racing career of Arabian horses in Turkey

The influence of breed, age, gender, training level and ambient temperature on forelimb and back temperature in racehorses

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