Cumulative health risk assessment of co-occurring mycotoxins of deoxynivalenol and its acetyl derivatives in wheat and maize: Case study, Shanghai, China

Han, Zheng; Nie, Dongxia; Ediage, Emmanuel Njumbe; Yang, Xianli; Wang, Jianhua; Chen, Bin; Li, Shuguang; On, Stephen L. W.; Saeger, Sarah De; Wu, Aibo

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2014.10.018

Cited by 57 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Hence, DON contaminants in crops and their final processed food products are of worldwide concern. The FDA advisory level for DON or a provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) is 1000 µg/kg (1 ppm) for wheat products [6]. Of note, trichothecenes often exist in natural circumstance by the modified forms that originated from their parent compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and Combined Cytotoxic Effects of Co‐Occurring Deoxynivalenol Family Mycotoxins on Human Gastric Epithelial Cells

Yang

Tan

et al. 2017

Toxins

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Mycotoxin contamination is a significant health concern for human beings, but health risk assessments are usually based on one single mycotoxin, which might neglect the additive or competitive interactions between co-occurring mycotoxins. In this study, we assessed the individual or combined toxicological effects to multiple deoxynivalenol-family mycotoxins, namely deoxynivalenol (DON), Nivalenol (NIV), and their acetyl derivatives of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G), and Fusarenon-X (FX) based on the human gastric epithelial (GES-1) cells. GES-1 cells were treated at different concentrations over 24 h and cell viability was measured by a cell counting kit (CCK8). The results show that D3G has no toxicity and 3-ADON is less potent in reducing cell viability compared to DON, whereas 15-ADON and FX appear to be slightly less potent than their parent compounds of DON and NIV on GES-1 cells. In general, the toxic ability of individual mycotoxins was shown as 3-ADON << 15-ADON < DON < FX < NIV, in an increasing order. All mixtures caused a dose-dependent decline of cell viability and the interactions analysis of binary combinations were assessed using the combination index (CI)-isobologram method. For the interaction types of mycotoxins mixtures, the synergistic cytotoxicity of DON + 15-ADON, DON + NIV, and DON + FX at low and/or moderate inhibitory concentration levels (IC10–IC70, IC10–IC80, and IC10–IC40, respectively) were observed. FX + NIV resulted in almost completely synergistic cytotoxicity, whereas 15-ADON + NIV and 15-ADON + FX presented almost entirely antagonistic cytotoxicity on the GES-1 cell model. These results suggest that the simultaneous presence of low-dose type B trichothecenes in dietary food may be more or less toxic than the prediction based on individual mycotoxins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and Combined Cytotoxic Effects of Co‐Occurring Deoxynivalenol Family Mycotoxins on Human Gastric Epithelial Cells

Yang

Tan

et al. 2017

Toxins

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“…Although, some authors decided also to include the LOQ in the management of non-detects (García-Moraleja et al, 2015;Sirot et al, 2013). Until now, the assessment of mycotoxin exposure is mainly based on deterministic approaches, however, there are an increasing number of studies applying probabilistic models in last years, as shown in Table 2 Cano-Sancho et al, 2013;De Boevre et al, 2013;Han et al, 2014;Signorini et al, 2012;Van de Perre et al, 2015).…”

Section: Worldwide Exposure Assessment Of Co-occurring Mycotoxins In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Sirot et al, 2013;Sprong et al, 2016b). For the exposure assessment studies, food consumption data were mainly obtained from national food consumption surveys, including different data collection methodologies, namely 1-day (Cressey and Reeve, 2013;Han et al, 2014), 2-day (De Boevre et al, 2013;Sprong et al, 2016a;Van de Perre et al, 2015) and 3-day 24-hour recalls (Zhao et al, 2015), 3-day food diary and 7-day food diary (Sirot et al, 2013), all reported in Table 2.…”

Section: Worldwide Exposure Assessment Of Co-occurring Mycotoxins In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The food safety legislation through mycotoxins risk assessment is in place to control mycotoxins in food and includes single and sum of maximum levels for some mycotoxins in foodstuffs (EC, 2006). Some approaches are now being reported for the first time in the literature concerning the risk assessment of co-occurring mycotoxins in foodstuffs De Boevre et al, 2013;Han et al, 2014) but far more research is required concerning the nature of interactions between multiple mycotoxins until real conclusions could be drawn concerning the health impact of mycotoxin mixtures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges in risk assessment of multiple mycotoxins in food

Assunção

Silva

Alvito

2016

WMJ

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Most fungi are able to produce several mycotoxins simultaneously and, consequently, to contaminate a wide variety of foodstuffs. Therefore, the risk of human co-exposure to multiple mycotoxins is real, raising a growing concern about their potential impact on human health. Besides, government and industry regulations are usually based on individual toxicities, and do not take into account the complex dynamics associated with interactions between co-occurring groups of mycotoxins. The present work assembles, for the first time, the challenges posed by the likelihood of human co-exposure to these toxins and the possibility of interactive effects occurring after absorption, towards knowledge generation to support a more accurate human risk assessment. Regarding hazard assessment, a physiologically-based framework is proposed in order to infer the health effects from exposure to multiple mycotoxins in food, including knowledge on the bioaccessibility, toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of single and combined toxins. The prioritisation of the most relevant mixtures to be tested under experimental conditions that attempt to mimic human exposure and the use of adequate mathematical approaches to evaluate interactions, particularly concerning the combined genotoxicity, were identified as the main challenges for hazard assessment. Regarding exposure assessment, the need of harmonised food consumption data, availability of multianalyte methods for mycotoxin quantification, management of left-censored data, use of probabilistic models and multibiomarker approaches are highlighted, in order to develop a more precise and realistic exposure assessment. To conclude, further studies on hazard and exposure assessment of multiple mycotoxins, using harmonised methodologies, are crucial towards an improvement of data quality and a more reliable and robust risk characterisation, which is central for risk management and, consequently, to prevent mycotoxins-associated adverse effects. A deep understanding of the nature of interactions between multiple mycotoxins will contribute to draw real conclusions on the health impact of human exposure to mycotoxin mixtures.

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“…Fungal invasion and mycotoxins production can take place both in the field and/or during storage of the crops (Han et al, 2014). The actual contamination levels are determined by complex interaction among fungal species, plant cultivars and environmental factors (Battilani et al, 2012;Van der Fels-Klerx, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for estimating human exposure to mycotoxins via food

Nijs

Mengelers

Boon

et al. 2016

WMJ

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In this review, five strategies to estimate mycotoxin exposure of a (sub-)population via food, including data collection, are discussed with the aim to identify the added values and limitations of each strategy for risk assessment of these chemicals. The well-established point estimate, observed individual mean, probabilistic and duplicate diet strategies are addressed, as well as the emerging human biomonitoring strategy. All five exposure assessment strategies allow the estimation of chronic (long-term) exposure to mycotoxins, and, with the exception of the observed individual mean strategy, also acute (short-term) exposure. Methods for data collection, i.e. food consumption surveys, food monitoring studies and total diet studies are discussed. In food monitoring studies, the driving force is often enforcement of legal limits, and, consequently, data are often generated with relatively high limits of quantification and targeted at products suspected to contain mycotoxin levels above these legal limits. Total diet studies provide a solid base for chronic exposure assessments since they provide mycotoxin levels in food based on well-defined samples and including the effect of food preparation. Duplicate diet studies and human biomonitoring studies reveal the actual exposure but often involve a restricted group of human volunteers and a limited time period. Human biomonitoring studies may also include exposure to mycotoxins from other sources than food, and exposure to modified mycotoxins that may not be detected with current analytical methods. Low limits of quantification are required for analytical methods applied for data collection to avoid large uncertainties in the exposure due to high numbers of left censored data, i.e. with levels below the limit of quantification.

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Cumulative health risk assessment of co-occurring mycotoxins of deoxynivalenol and its acetyl derivatives in wheat and maize: Case study, Shanghai, China

Cited by 57 publications

References 31 publications

Individual and Combined Cytotoxic Effects of Co‐Occurring Deoxynivalenol Family Mycotoxins on Human Gastric Epithelial Cells

Individual and Combined Cytotoxic Effects of Co‐Occurring Deoxynivalenol Family Mycotoxins on Human Gastric Epithelial Cells

Challenges in risk assessment of multiple mycotoxins in food

Strategies for estimating human exposure to mycotoxins via food

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