Cumulative effects of theta binaural beats on brain power and functional connectivity

Seifi, Tirdad; Ahmadi-Pajouh, Mohammad Ali; Nasrabadi, Ali Motie

doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2018.01.022

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The effects of brain entrainment vary with the duration of stimulus exposure (Gao et al, 2014; Seifi Ala et al, 2018). In our results, the changes in alpha power were observed to be different in session 1 and session 2 with CS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, this tool is widely used to measure to observe the changed brain states for improving sleep quality. Brainwave entrainment is the use of an external rhythmic stimulus to generate frequency-dependent EEG responses that match the frequency of the stimuli (Huang and Charyton, 2008; Seifi Ala et al, 2018). Synchronized pulsing stimuli can induce a dominant EEG frequency that appears during a given cognitive state (Tang et al, 2015; da Silva Junior et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Possible Effect of Binaural Beat Combined With Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response for Inducing Sleep

Lee

Song

Shin

et al. 2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Sleep is important to maintain physical and cognitive functions in everyday life. However, the prevalence of sleep disorders is on the rise. One existing solution to this problem is to induce sleep using an auditory stimulus. When we listen to acoustic beats of two tones in each ear simultaneously, a binaural beat is generated which induces brain signals at a specific desired frequency. However, this auditory stimulus is uncomfortable for users to listen to induce sleep. To overcome this difficulty, we can exploit the feelings of calmness and relaxation that are induced by the perceptual phenomenon of autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR). In this study, we proposed a novel auditory stimulus for inducing sleep. Specifically, we used a 6 Hz binaural beat corresponding to the center of the theta band (4–8 Hz), which is the frequency at which brain activity is entrained during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) in sleep stage 1. In addition, the “ASMR triggers” that cause ASMR were presented from natural sound as the sensory stimuli. In session 1, we combined two auditory stimuli (the 6 Hz binaural beat and ASMR triggers) at three-decibel ratios to find the optimal combination ratio. As a result, we determined that the combination of a 30:60 dB ratio of binaural beat to ASMR trigger is most effective for inducing theta power and psychological stability. In session 2, the effects of these combined stimuli (CS) were compared with an only binaural beat, only the ASMR trigger, or a sham condition. The combination stimulus retained the advantages of the binaural beat and resolved its shortcomings with the ASMR triggers, including psychological self-reports. Our findings indicate that the proposed auditory stimulus could induce the brain signals required for sleep, while simultaneously keeping the user in a psychologically comfortable state. This technology provides an important opportunity to develop a novel method for increasing the quality of sleep.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Effect of Binaural Beat Combined With Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response for Inducing Sleep

Lee

Song

Shin

et al. 2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this study the brain regions were divided into five areas for the correlation information: the central front (CF), central cortical (CC), central back (CB), right parietal (RP) and left parietal (LP) regions. The electrode sites chosen for the AEP recording with in these areas under study are in table 1 [37,71]. Figure 7 depicts the arrangement of electrodes and their regions for the EEG reading.…”

Section: E Electrode Placementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The human brain is a very complex structure which consists of numerous neurons that communicate [34]. Recently an area of research is the investigation of the functional connectivity between and within the different regions of the brain in response to different stimuli [33,[35][36][37]. In this research, the connectivity of the different areas of the brain is investigated by analysing the multichannel EEG data acquired for the study of AEPs related to binaural processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this research, the connectivity of the different areas of the brain is investigated by analysing the multichannel EEG data acquired for the study of AEPs related to binaural processing. Several studies related to the connectivity of brain regions were found in the literature [37][38][39][40][41]. However, few researchers have demonstrated the dependency of electrode locations for the detection of Event Related Potentials [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Correlation Between EEG Electrodes for the Analysis of Cortical Responses Related to Binaural Hearing

et al. 2021

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Binaural hearing is the ability of the human auditory system to integrate information received from both ears simultaneously. Binaural hearing is fundamental in understanding speech in noisy backgrounds. Any disfunction in one or both ears could cause a disruption in the processing mechanism. Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) are electrical potentials evoked by externally presented auditory stimuli from any part of the auditory system. A non-invasive technology, electroencephalography (EEG) is used for the monitoring of AEPs. The research aims to identify the best suited electrode positions through correlation analysis and analyse the AEP signals from the selected electrodes in order to detect binaural sensitivity of the human brain. The study evaluates the time-averaged EEG responses of normal hearing subjects to auditory stimuli. The stimuli used for the study are 500 Hz Blackman windowed pure tones, presented in either homophasic (the same phase in both ears) or antiphasic (180-degree phase difference between the two ears) conditions. The study focuses on understanding the effect of phase reversal of auditory stimuli, an under interaural time difference (ITD) cue, on the middle latency response (MLR) region of the AEPs. A correlation analysis was carried out between the eight different locations and as a result, Cz and Pz electrode positions were selected as the best suited positions for further analysis. The selected electrode signals were further processed in the time domain and frequency domain analysis. In the time domain analysis, it was found that Cz electrode for eight subjects out of nine and Pz electrode for seven subjects out of nine, had the larger area under signal curve obtained in the antiphasic condition than in the homophasic signals. Frequency domain analysis showed that the frequency bands 20 to 25Hz and 25 to 30Hz had the most energy when elicited by antiphasic stimuli than by homophasic stimuli. The findings of this study can be further utilised for the detection of binaural processing in a human brain.

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Efficacy of binaural auditory beats in cognition, anxiety, and pain perception: a meta-analysis

Garcia‐Argibay

Germán

Avilés

2018

Psychological Research

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Binaural auditory beats are a perceptual phenomenon that occurs when presenting separately to each ear two tones that slightly differ in their frequency. It has been suggested that binaural beats can influence cognition and mental states among others. The objective of this meta-analysis was to study the effect of binaural beats on memory, attention, anxiety, and analgesia. Twenty-two studies met our inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. The results, based on 35 effect sizes, showed an overall medium, significant, consistent effect size (g = 0.45). Meta-regression results indicated that it does not seem to be necessary to mask binaural beats with white noise or pink noise in terms of effectiveness, obtaining similar effects with unmasked binaural beats. Moreover, the findings suggest that binaural-beat exposure before, and before and during the task produces superior results than exposure during the task. Time under exposure contributed significantly to the model indicating that longer periods are advisable to ensure maximum effectiveness. Our meta-analysis adds to the growing evidence that binaural-beat exposure is an effective way to affect cognition over and above reducing anxiety levels and the perception of pain without prior training, and that the direction and the magnitude of the effect depends upon the frequency used, time under exposure, and the moment in which the exposure takes place.

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Cumulative effects of theta binaural beats on brain power and functional connectivity

Cited by 32 publications

References 41 publications

Possible Effect of Binaural Beat Combined With Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response for Inducing Sleep

Possible Effect of Binaural Beat Combined With Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response for Inducing Sleep

Study of Correlation Between EEG Electrodes for the Analysis of Cortical Responses Related to Binaural Hearing

Efficacy of binaural auditory beats in cognition, anxiety, and pain perception: a meta-analysis

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