Cumulative disadvantage, employment–marriage, and health inequalities among American and British mothers

McDonough, Peggy; Worts, Diana; Booker, Cara L; McMunn, Anne; Sacker, Amanda

doi:10.1016/j.alcr.2015.05.004

Cited by 33 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…In contrast to our results, some studies have found that part-time employment is associated with better health than is full-time employment among mothers ( Hewitt et al, 2006 , Floderus et al, 2009 , Fokkema, 2002 ; Hewitt et al, 2006 ). McDonough, Worts, Booker, McMunn, and Sacker (2015) found that American married mothers working part time rated their health better than their counterparts working full time, whereas, in British married mothers, no differences between full-time and part-time employment were found. The authors attributed this to differences in nations' approaches to social welfare.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Association of partner, parental, and employment statuses with self-rated health among German women and men

Lippe

Rattay

2016

SSM - Population Health

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The association of partner, parental, and employment statuses with health is usually discussed in terms of either the multiple role burden hypothesis or the multiple role attachment hypothesis. The first hypothesis states that combining work and family roles increases the burden of responsibility, which in turn increases the pressure and stress associated with competing roles, leading to poorer health. The multiple role attachment hypothesis argues that multiple responsibilities provide attachment to broader networks, which then provide social support and resources that enhance health.We analyzed pooled data from the German Health Update carried out by the Robert Koch Institute in 2009, 2010, and 2012. The data were collected by computer-assisted telephone interviews. The sample comprised 28,086 people aged 30–54 years. The data were assessed with logistic regression analysis and interaction models. The gender-differentiated analysis of partnership, parenthood, and employment, after adjusting for social and demographic characteristics, revealed small interaction effects among all three social roles with self-rated health in women and men.Non-employment showed the strongest relationship with poor self-rated health. It was significantly associated with lower self-rated health in both men and women in most of the family arrangements. These associations were higher in men than in women. Furthermore, in all family arrangements, female part-time employees were as healthy as female fulltime employees. A more subtle association was found in men: the odds of reporting poorer self-rated health were greater among non-parents employed part time than among those employed full time, but lower than among those who were non-employed. Among fathers, part-time employees did not have statistically better health than full-time employees.The findings support somewhat the multiple role attachment hypothesis, rather than the multiple role burden hypothesis. Because employment has great importance for both women's and men's health, the compatibility of work and family roles should be improved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Association of partner, parental, and employment statuses with self-rated health among German women and men

Lippe

Rattay

2016

SSM - Population Health

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“…Previously, studies testing the CAD hypothesis focused exclusively on one institutional context (e.g., ). However, a new wave of research [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] strengthens the argument that a fourth central principle, namely how country context modifies the way in which CAD processes unfold over time, is needed to further a deeper understanding of CAD as a dynamic, contextualised process within social systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Putting cumulative (dis)advantages in context: Comparing the role of educational inequality in later-life functional health trajectories in England and Germany

Wetzel

Vanhoutte

2020

PLoS ONE

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Background The cumulative (dis)advantage (CAD) perspective more and more is examined in a comparative way, to highlight the role of context in generating inequality over the life course. This study adds to this field of research by examining trajectories of activities of daily living (ADL) in later life by educational level in a country comparison of England and Germany, emphasizing differing institutional conditions. Method Data used are the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA; 11,352 individuals) and the German subsample of the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE; 5,573 individuals). Using population averaged Poisson panel regression models, 12-year trajectories of six birth cohorts are investigated, covering the age range of 50 to 90 years. Results Respondents in England have a higher level of limitations at age 50, and more limited increases over age than in Germany. An educational gradient exists in both countries at age 50. Notably, the educational gradient increases for more recently born cohorts, but declines with increasing age in England, while in Germany educational differences increase for more recently born cohort only. Discussion The current study indicates that CAD processes between educational groups are context sensitive. While England showed convergence of disparities with increasing age, in Germany no differential development was found.

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“…Some sequence analysis work on the US and UK has quantified the size of groups with life-course patterns such as 'unstable work, no family' . However, since a greater number of categories increases the complexity of sequence analysis exponentially, this literature mostly ignores distinctions between unemployment and economic inactivity, and between divorced/separated and never married (Jackson and Berkowitz 2005;McDonough et al 2015;Worts et al 2013).…”

Section: Expectations and Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divorced and Unemployed: the Declining Association between Two Critical Lifecourse States in the UK, 1984-2017

Anderson¹,

Monden²,

Bukodi³

2019

Preprint

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Individuals exposed to both job loss and marital dissolution are likely to be highly disadvantaged, having experienced stresses and losses in the two primary domains of life. Moreover, recent literature finds that exposure to one event tends to increase risk of the other. However, next to nothing is known about the size or composition -or changes thereinof the divorced/separated and unemployed (DSU) subpopulation. Using large, nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional datasets extending back to 1984, we aim to fill this gap for the UK. We give a descriptive account of the prevalence and social distribution of DSU, and of the cross-sectional association between its two component states: among which groups, by education and gender, does being either divorced/separated or unemployed most strongly imply a heightened risk of also being the other, and how has this changed over time? We find stable and strong educational inequality in DSU, while the gender gap has narrowed and recently closed. The association between the two states is stronger among men; has weakened strikingly over the time period we consider, for both men and, especially, women; and is educationally stratified among men but not women. Contrary to expectations, higher-educated men in one of the two states are most likely to also be in the other. Possible explanations and further questions are discussed. In particular, we highlight the possibility that over this time period the divorced/separated have become more like the general population, rather than a negatively selected subgroup among whom unemployment is a particular risk.

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Cumulative disadvantage, employment–marriage, and health inequalities among American and British mothers

Cited by 33 publications

References 108 publications

Association of partner, parental, and employment statuses with self-rated health among German women and men

Association of partner, parental, and employment statuses with self-rated health among German women and men

Putting cumulative (dis)advantages in context: Comparing the role of educational inequality in later-life functional health trajectories in England and Germany

Divorced and Unemployed: the Declining Association between Two Critical Lifecourse States in the UK, 1984-2017

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