“…Recent studies have repeatedly stressed that young immigrants in Portugal have worse school performance than the nationals (e.g., Pires, 2009;Seabra, 2012), a situation that has also been reported in other European countries (e.g., Govaris & Kaldi, 2012;Hackett, 2012) and also outside Europe (e.g., Darmody, Byrne, & McGinnity, 2014;Nicolas, DeSilva, & Rabenstein, 2009;Zufiaurre, 2006). Despite this identification of cultural and ethnic specificity as a main cause for the academic underperformance of young immigrants, several studies have emphasized that the families' social condition has a at Imperial College London Library on June 4, 2016 uex.sagepub.com Downloaded from significant impact on the results of immigrant pupils (e.g., Darmody, Smyth, Byrne, & McGinnity, 2012;Seabra, 2012), namely the socioeconomic status (Nicolas et al, 2009).…”