Cumulative Correlations of Lysozyme, Lactoferrin, Peroxidase, S-IgA, Amylase, and Total Protein Concentrations with Adherence of Oral Viridans Streptococci to Microplates Coated with Human Saliva

Abstract

Redundancy refers to the observation that many salivary proteins exhibit similar properties in vitro. It is possible that bacterial adherence to salivary pellicle occurs as a cumulative effect of multiple proteins. This study determined the joint and individual contributions of salivary amylase, S-IgA, lysozyme, salivary peroxidase, lactoferrin, and total protein concentrations to adherence by oral viridans streptococci in microplates coated with whole saliva from 123 persons. Strains used were: Streptococcus gordonii Blackburn, 10558, Streptococcus mitis 10712, 903, Streptococcus oralis 10557, 9811, and Streptococcus sanguis 10556, 13379. Rabbit antibody against 13379 was used for the detection of adherence. This antibody cross-reacted with all strains. Absorbance was standardized against saliva pooled from five donors. All saliva samples had been previously assayed for amylase, lactoferrin, lysozyme, secretory IgA, peroxidase, and total protein. Adherence scores for all strains except 13379 were significantly and positively correlated. Salivas binding high or low levels of one strain tended to bind others correspondingly. Multiple regression indicated significant contributions to 10558 adherence from total protein and lactoferrin (positive), and peroxidase and lysozyme (negative). Similar results were obtained for Blackburn and 903. Significant individual correlations were seen for 9811 and total protein (positive), 10557 and peroxidase (negative), and 13379 and lactoferrin (negative). Salivas with high adherence scores contained significantly more protein and lactoferrin, and significantly less peroxidase, than salivas with low adherence scores. These findings support the hypothesis that multiple proteins contribute to the adherence of streptococcal strains in vivo.

Role of Streptococcus gordonii Amylase-Binding Protein A in Adhesion to Hydroxyapatite, Starch Metabolism, and Biofilm Formation

“…Douglas found no correlation between the amylase- binding phenotype of a number of streptococcal strains and the ability to adhere to saliva-coated HAP (11). In addition, a more recent study found no association between salivary amylase concentration and adhesion of S. gordonii to microtiter plates coated with human saliva (35). Note that in both of these studies, adhesion to whole-saliva-coated HAP rather than HPS-or amylase-coated HAP was evaluated.…”

“…Other studies have shown that the composition of saliva, and therefore the composition of the oral pellicles, differs throughout the oral cavity (6). Caution must also be used when comparing results from studies that assess adhesion to HAP versus microtiter plates, as these two model systems may not be comparable (35,43). The comparison of the wild type with its isogenic amylase-deficient mutants clearly supports a role for AbpA as an adhesin to amylase-coated HAP.…”

Inhibition of initial bacterial adhesion on titanium surfaces by lactoferrin coating

“…LF is produced by neutrophils and glandular epithelial cells and exists in exocrine secretions, such as milk, tears, and saliva. [13][14][15] LF has bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities and is involved in host immune defense. 13,16,17 There are some reports that LF can inhibit the adhesion of oral bacteria and Candida albicans on hydroxyapatite, 18,19 dental polymers, 20 and glass disks.…”

“…[13][14][15]31 Arslan et al reported that although the attachment of S. gordonii was inhibited on a glass surface pretreated with Apo-bovine LF, an iron-free form of LF, no significant reduction was noted in S. gordonii pretreated with Apo-bovine LF with FeCl 3 . 21 Recently, it has been also reported that there are iron-independent antibacterial mechanisms, such as direct interaction of LF with both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, leading to membrane damage.…”

Xerostomia: reasons and methods of correction

“…Для оценки клинической эффек-тивности слюнозаменителей анализируют следующие параметры: смазывающая способность, противомикроб-ная активность in vitrо, вязкость, де-и реминерализация эмали и дентина [44]. Данные средства должны обладать хорошими очищающими свойствами, содержать биологи-чески активные компоненты, имитирующие действие натуральной слюны, обеспечивать ощущение влаги и не оказывать раздражающего действия на слизистую обо-лочку полости рта [45]. В ряде проведенных исследова-ний выявлена корреляция между вязкостью слюнозаме-нителя и его клинической эффективностью [46].…”