Cumulants and correlation functions of net-proton, proton, and antiproton multiplicity distributions in 
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 collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Abdallah, M. S.; Adam, J.; Adamczyk, L.; Adams, J. R.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, I.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alekseev, I.; Anderson, D. M.; Aparin, A.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Ashraf, M. U.; Atetalla, F. G.; Attri, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bairathi, V.; Baker, W.; Ball, J.; Barish, K. N.; Behera, A.; Bellwied, R.; Bhagat, P.; Bhasin, A.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Brandenburg, J. D.; Brandin, A. V.; Bunzarov, I.; Butterworth, J.; Cai, X. Z.; Caines, H.; Sánchez, M. Calderón De La Barca; Cebra, D.; Chakaberia, I.; Chaloupka, P.; Chan, B. K.; Chang, F-H.; Chang, Z.; Chankova-Bunzarova, N.; Chatterjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, D.; Chen, J.; Chen, J. H.; Chen, X.; Chen, Z.; Cheng, J.; Chevalier, M.; Choudhury, S.; Christie, W.; Chu, X.; Crawford, H. J.; Csanád, M.; Daugherity, M.; Dedovich, T. G.; Deppner, I. M.; Derevschikov, A. A.; Dhamija, A.; Carlo, L. Di; Didenko, L.; Dong, X.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Elsey, N.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Esumi, S.; Evdokimov, O.; Ewigleben, A.; Eyser, O.; Fatemi, R.; Fawzi, F. M.; Fazio, S.; Federic, P.; Fedorišin, J.; Feng, C.; Feng, Y.; Filip, P.; Finch, E.; Fisyak, Y.; Francisco, A.; Fu, C.; Fulek, Ł.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Galatyuk, T.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Ghimire, Nirmal; Gibson, A.; Gopal, K.; Gou, X.; Grosnick, D.; Gupta, A.; Guryn, W.; Hamad, A. I.; Hamed, A.; Han, Y. F.; Harabasz, S.; Harasty, M. D.; Harris, J. W.; Harrison, H.; He, S.; He, W.; He, X.; He, Yang; Heppelmann, S.; Herrmann, N.; Hoffman, Eric A.; Holub, L.; Hu, Y.; Huang, H. Z.; Huang, S.; Huang, T.; Huang, X.; Huang, Y.; Humanic, T. J.; Isenhower, D.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jena, C.; Jentsch, A.; Ji, Y.; Jia, J.; Jiang, K.; Ju, X.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kabir, M. L.; Kagamaster, S.; Kalinkin, D.; Kang, K.; Kapukchyan, D.; Kauder, K.; Ke, H. W.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Khyzhniak, Y. V.; Kikoła, D. P.; Kim, C.; Kimelman, B.; Kincses, D.; Kisel, I.; Kiselev, A.; Knospe, A. G.; Kochenda, L.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Kramárik, L.; Кравцов, П.; Kumar, L.; Kumar, Sanjeev; Elayavalli, Raghav Kunnawalkam; Kwasizur, J. H.; Lacey, R.; Lan, S.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednický, R.; Lee, J. H.; Leung, Y. H.; Li, C.; Li, W.; Li, X.; Li, Y.; Liang, X.; Liang, Y.; Licenik, R.; Lin, T. H.; Lin, Y.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, F.; Liu, H.; Liu, P.; Liu, T.; Liu, X.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Ljubičić, T.; Llope, W. J.; Longacre, R. S.; Loyd, E.; Lukow, N. S.; Luo, X.; Ma, L.; Ma, R.; G., Y.; Magdy, N.; Majka, R.; Mallick, D.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Matis, H. S.; Mazer, J.; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Mooney, I.; Морозов, Д. А.; Mukherjee, A.; Nagy, M. I.; Nam, J. D.; Nasim, Md.; Nayak, K.; Neff, D.; Nelson, J. M.; Nemes, D. B.; Nie, M.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Niida, T.; Nishitani, R.; Nogach, L. V.; Nonaka, T.; Nunes, A. S.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Oh, S. B.; Okorokov, V.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Pandav, A.; Pandey, A. K.; Panebratsev, Y.; Parfenov, P.; Pawlik, B.; Pawłowska, D.; Pei, H.; Perkins, C.; Pinsky, L.; Pintér, R. L.; Pluta, J.; Pokhrel, B. R.; Ponimatkin, G.; Porter, J.; Posik, M.; Prozorova, V.; Pruthi, N. K.; Przybycień, M.; Putschke, J.; Qiu, H.; Quintero, A.; Racz, C.; Radhakrishnan, S. K.; Raha, N.; Ray, R. L.; Reed, R.; Ritter, H. G.; Robotkova, M.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Ruan, L.; Rusňák, J.; Sahoo, N.; Sako, H.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Sato, Susumu; Schmidke, W. B.; Schmitz, N.; Schweid, B. R.; Seck, F.; Seger, J.; Sergeeva, M.; Seto, R.; Seyboth, P.; Shah, N.; Shahaliev, E.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Shao, M.; Shao, T.; Sheikh, A. I.; Shen, D. Y.; Shi, S. S.; Shi, Y.; Shou, Q.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sikora, R.; Simko, M.; Singh, J. B.; Singha, S.; Skoby, M. J.; Smirnov, N.; Söhngen, Y.; Solyst, W.; Sorensen, P.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Stefaniak, M.; Stewart, David J.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Šumbera, M.; Summa, B.; Sun, X.; Sun, Y.; Surrow, B.; Svirida, D. N.; Sweger, Z. W.; Szymański, P.; Tang, A. H.; Tang, Z.; Taranenko, A.; Tarnowsky, T.; Thomas, J. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Tlusty, D.; Todoroki, T.; Tokarev, M.; Tomkiel, C. A.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Tribedy, P.; Tripathy, S. K.; Truhlar, T.; Trzeciak, B. A.; Tsai, O. D.; Tu, Z.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Upsal, I.; Buren, G. Van; Vaněk, J.; Vasiliev, A.; Vassiliev, I.; Verkest, V.; Videbæk, F.; Vokál, S.; Voloshin, S. A.; Wang, F.; Wang, G.; Wang, J. S.; Wang, P.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Z.; Webb, J. C.; Weidenkaff, P. C.; Wen, L.; Westfall, G. D.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Jin; Wu, Y.; Xi, B.; Zhang, Xiao; Xie, G.; Xie, W.; Xu, H.; Xu, N.; Xu, Q. H.; Xu, Y.; Xu, Z.; Yang, C.; Yang, Q.; Yang, S.; Yang, Yi; Yang, Z.; Ye, Z.; Yi, L.; Yip, K.; Yu, Y.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zha, W.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. J.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, J.; Zhou, C.; Zhu, Xinmei; Zhu, Z. H.; Żurek, M.; Zyzak, M.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.104.024902

Cited by 105 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 267 publications

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“…We use experimental data on net proton cumulants and freeze-out parameters, as obtained by the STAR [17] and HADES [18,19] experiments in collisions at 0-5% centrality, to plot Eqs. 3) and Eq.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Experimental Data and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulants: It's More Than You Think

Sorensen¹,

Oliinychenko²,

Koch³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Cumulants of baryon number are given considerable attention in analyses of heavy-ion collision experiments as possible signatures of the QCD critical point. In this work, we show that the values of the lowest three cumulants can also be utilized to recover information about the isothermal speed of sound and its logarithmic derivative with respect to the baryon number density. This result provides a new method for obtaining information about fundamental properties of nuclear matter studied in heavy-ion collisions, with consequences for both the search for the QCD critical point and neutron star studies. While the approximations and the model comparison we considered apply to experiments at low energies, the approach itself can be used at any collision energy provided that measurements of cumulants of baryon number distribution as well as their temperature dependence are available.

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Section: Interpretation Of Experimental Data and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulants: It's More Than You Think

Sorensen¹,

Oliinychenko²,

Koch³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…〉, representing the event average of the mean efficiency for the particles located in the ith cell. Figure 3(a) shows the tracking efficiencies as a function of p T for protons in TPC detector at STAR [8]. In Figure 3(b), it is observed that the measured SFMs are systematically smaller than the original true ones.…”

Section: Efficiency Correctionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In the measurement of intermittency, it is crucial to estimate and remove background effects since the particle multiplicity spectra in finite space of high-energy collisions are significantly influenced by background contributions. In the mean time, the values of scaled factorial moment (SFM) could be significantly modified by experimental detection efficiency because a particle detector has a finite detection efficiency and thus makes the measured event-by-event multiplicity distributions in momentum space different from the original produced ones [8,9]. In this work, we study how to remove the trivial background effects by a cumulative variable method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittency analysis in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Li,

2021

Preprint

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Local density fluctuations near the QCD critical point has been suggested to exhibit a power-law behavior which can be probed by an intermittency analysis on scaled factorial moment in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We estimate the noncritical background in the measurement of intermittency from the UrQMD model and propose a cumulative variable method to remove background contributions. We further study the effect of particle detection efficiency on scaled factorial moments by implementing the RHIC (STAR) experimental tracking efficiencies in the UrQMD events, and propose a cell-bycell method for experimental application of efficiency corrections.

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“…Our study is motivated by the significant sensitivity of the non-Gaussian fluctuations to the growth of the critical correlation [22][23][24]. In fact, the measurement of non-Gaussianity in the fluctuation of produced proton multiplicities as a function of beam energy is considered as one of the key observables for the criticality [25,26]. Recently, there has been significant progress in describing the real-time evolution of non-Gaussian fluctuations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off-equilibrium non-Gaussian fluctuations near the QCD critical point: an effective field theory perspective

Sogabe,

Yin

2021

Preprint

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The non-Gaussian fluctuations of baryon density are sensitive to the presence of the conjectured QCD critical point. Their observational consequences are crucial for the ongoing experimental search for this critical point through the beam energy scan program at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). In the expanding fireball created in a heavyion collision, critical fluctuations would inescapably fall out of equilibrium, and require a systematic description within a dynamical framework. In this paper, we employ newly developed effective field theory (EFT) for fluctuating hydrodynamics to study the real-time critical non-Gaussian fluctuations of a conserved charge density. In particular, we derive the evolution equations for multi-point correlators of density fluctuations and obtain the closed-form solutions with arbitrary initial conditions that can readily be implemented in realistic simulations for heavy-ion collisions. We find that non-linear interactions among noise fields, which are missing in traditional stochastic hydrodynamics, could potentially contribute to the quartic (fourth order) fluctuations in scaling regime even at tree level in off-equilibrium situations.

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Cumulants and correlation functions of net-proton, proton, and antiproton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Cited by 105 publications

References 267 publications

Cumulants: It's More Than You Think

Cumulants: It's More Than You Think

Intermittency analysis in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Off-equilibrium non-Gaussian fluctuations near the QCD critical point: an effective field theory perspective

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