Cuminal Inhibits Trichothecium roseum Growth by Triggering Cell Starvation: Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis

Abstract

Trichothecium roseum is a harmful postharvest fungus causing serious damage, together with the secretion of insidious mycotoxins, on apples, melons, and other important fruits. Cuminal, a predominant component of Cuminum cyminum essential oil has proven to successfully inhibit the growth of T. roseum in vitro and in vivo. Electron microscopic observations revealed cuminal exposure impaired the fungal morphology and ultrastructure, particularly the plasmalemma. Transcriptome and proteome analysis was used to investigate the responses of T. roseum to exposure of cuminal. In total, 2825 differentially expressed transcripts (1516 up and 1309 down) and 225 differentially expressed proteins (90 up and 135 down) were determined. Overall, notable parts of these differentially expressed genes functionally belong to subcellular localities of the membrane system and cytosol, along with ribosomes, mitochondria and peroxisomes. According to the localization analysis and the biological annotation of these genes, carbohydrate and lipids metabolism, redox homeostasis, and asexual reproduction were among the most enriched gene ontology (GO) terms. Biological pathway enrichment analysis showed that lipids and amino acid degradation, ATP-binding cassette transporters, membrane reconstitution, mRNA surveillance pathway and peroxisome were elevated, whereas secondary metabolite biosynthesis, cell cycle, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were down regulated. Further integrated omics analysis showed that cuminal exposure first impaired the polarity of the cytoplasmic membrane and then triggered the reconstitution and dysfunction of fungal plasmalemma, resulting in handicapped nutrient procurement of the cells. Consequently, fungal cells showed starvation stress with limited carbohydrate metabolism, resulting a metabolic shift to catabolism of the cell's own components in response to the stress. Additionally, these predicaments brought about oxidative stress, which, in collaboration with the starvation, damaged certain critical organelles such as mitochondria. Such degeneration, accompanied by energy deficiency, suppressed the biosynthesis of essential proteins and inhibited fungal growth.fungicides to be used for postharvest treatment, reduced efficacy due to the emergence of pathogen resistance to these chemicals, and the growing public concerns over chemical residues in food and the environment have necessitated the seeking of alternative solutions to control the fungal spoilage and to guarantee food safety and consumer health [8].Essential oils (EOs), generally recognized as safe by the US Food and Drug Administration [9], are natural substances with established antimicrobial activities [10,11] and are a candidate instrument for controlling postharvest disease [12,13]. Nonetheless, this candidacy is compromised by the expensiveness of these natural substances due to their generally low yields. However, exploring their mode of actions is valuable to the development of novel alternatives.The multicomponent EOs attribute their mode of act...

Bioactivity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Branch of Jambu Mawar (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston)

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Discovering the antibacterial mode of action of 3‐p‐trans‐coumaroyl‐2‐hydroxyquinic acid, a natural phenolic compound, against Staphylococcus aureus through an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach

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“…Recent advances in transcriptomic and proteomic technologies allow quantitative determination of the expression level of mRNA and proteins, and further compare of their variation between different biological states. Moreover, the combination of transcriptome and proteome is useful to elucidate the mode of action of antimicrobials, which provides a global analysis of bacterial gene expression alterations at transcriptional and translational levels upon treatment (Du, Le, Sun, Yang, & He, 2020; Sivaranjani et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2020). Thus, in the present study, the transcriptome and proteome of S .…”

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“…EOs are volatile and oil‐soluble substances such as terpenes, sesquiterpenes, aldehydes, ketones, and phenolic components (Mari et al., 2016; Sivakumar & Bautista‐Baños, 2014; Tabti et al., 2014). With advances in bioinformatics analysis and the emergence of cutting‐edge analytical techniques such as proteome and transcriptome analysis, their mode of action is about to be fully understood (Zhang et al., 2020). They are employed to prevent infection of fruits by modulating the cellular metabolism of postharvest fungal pathogens.…”