Culturing Neochloris oleoabundans microalga in a nitrogen-limited, heterotrophic fed-batch system to enhance lipid and carbohydrate accumulation

Morales‐Sánchez, Daniela; Tinoco‐Valencia, Raunel; Caro-Bermúdez, Mario A.; Martı́nez, Alfredo

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2014.05.006

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…To calculate the biodiesel productivity from the data shown in Table , lipid recovery from cells can be assumed to be in the range approximately 62–97%, depending on the extraction method used, and TAGs account for 78% of the total FAs composing the lipid fraction according to Morales‐Sánchez for biodiesel production. An alkaline transesterification efficiency of 98% of the available TAGs and a biodiesel heating value of 38 MJ kg −1 can be assumed . According to these figures, under heterotrophic conditions, it is possible to obtain 0.18–0.25 tons of biodiesel for each ton of glucose …”

Section: Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae: production of metabolites of commercial interest

Morales‐Sánchez

Martinez-Rodriguez

Martı́nez

2016

J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.

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122

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Several microalgal species are capable of growing heterotrophically, exhibiting considerable metabolic versatility and flexibility. As demonstrated in this review, heterotrophic conditions can enhance the biomass concentration by as much as 25-fold compared with phototrophic conditions. Currently, these types of cultivation are economically feasible only for high-value products, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), pigments, antioxidants, polysaccharides, food and aquaculture feed from carbon sources, such as glucose, acetate or glycerol. To make heterotrophic cultivation economically viable for high-volume, low-value commodities, such as biofuels, the use of unconventional carbon sources, such as food and agricultural wastes and wastewater, is recommended. Since microalgae are capable of modifying their metabolism according to varying culture conditions, it is possible to modify, control and therefore maximize the production of target compounds. This manuscript not only offers a review of the most relevant and recent findings in the use of heterotrophic microalgal cultivation for enhanced metabolite production but also provides recommendations for future research on this promising subject.Fatty acids (FAs) are the base structure of almost all membrane lipids, making them an essential biomolecule for the viability of every cell. In all organisms, except for archaea, where the side chains of the membrane lipids are isoprenoids, FAs are organic molecules consisting of an aliphatic carbon chain with a carboxylic J Chem Technol Biotechnol 2017; 92: 925-936 HYDROCARBONSHydrocarbons are composed of a heterogeneous group of molecules of different sizes, shapes and/or lengths and molecular wileyonlinelibrary.com/jctb

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Section: Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae: production of metabolites of commercial interest

Morales‐Sánchez

Martinez-Rodriguez

Martı́nez

2016

J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.

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122

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“…Microalgae, photosynthetic eukaryotic microorganisms, can convert CO 2 to a variety of products, including high value chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and biofuel precursors (Borowitzka, 1998;Pulz and Gross, 2004;Spolaore et al, 2006;Giovanardi et al, 2013). Some microalgal species can accumulate high quantities of nonpolar lipids, mainly triacylglycerols, and can potentially be used as feedstock for the production of edible oils and biofuels (Morales-S anchez et al, 2014;Gimpel et al, 2015). However, microalgae are very diverse and their physiology and metabolism appear to have unique features whose understanding may be required to fulfill the potential of these organisms as sustainable biotechnological resources (Gimpel et al, 2015;Zienkiewicz et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multidomain enzyme, with glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities, is involved in a chloroplastic pathway for glycerol synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

et al. 2017

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Summary Understanding the unique features of algal metabolism may be necessary to realize the full potential of algae as feedstock for the production of biofuels and biomaterials. Under nitrogen deprivation, the green alga C. reinhardtii showed substantial triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation and up‐regulation of a gene, GPD2, encoding a multidomain enzyme with a putative phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP) motif fused to glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) domains. Canonical GPD enzymes catalyze the synthesis of glycerol‐3‐phosphate (G3P) by reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). G3P forms the backbone of TAGs and membrane glycerolipids and it can be dephosphorylated to yield glycerol, an osmotic stabilizer and compatible solute under hypertonic stress. Recombinant Chlamydomonas GPD2 showed both reductase and phosphatase activities in vitro and it can work as a bifunctional enzyme capable of synthesizing glycerol directly from DHAP. In addition, GPD2 and a gene encoding glycerol kinase were up‐regulated in Chlamydomonas cells exposed to high salinity. RNA‐mediated silencing of GPD2 revealed that the multidomain enzyme was required for TAG accumulation under nitrogen deprivation and for glycerol synthesis under high salinity. Moreover, a GPD2‐mCherry fusion protein was found to localize to the chloroplast, supporting the existence of a GPD2‐dependent plastid pathway for the rapid synthesis of glycerol in response to hyperosmotic stress. We hypothesize that the reductase and phosphatase activities of PSP–GPD multidomain enzymes may be modulated by post‐translational modifications/mechanisms, allowing them to synthesize primarily G3P or glycerol depending on environmental conditions and/or metabolic demands in algal species of the core Chlorophytes.

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“…Certain algal lipids, the triglyceride oils, can be converted to biodiesel. High lipid productivities have been reported for certain microalgae in heterotrophic fed‐batch operations . To be useful as a feedstock for making biodiesel, an algal oil must have a satisfactory mix of fatty acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High lipid productivities have been reported for certain microalgae in heterotrophic fed-batch operations. [15][16][17][18] To be useful as a feedstock for making biodiesel, an algal oil must have a satisfactory mix of fatty acids. Chlorella algae generally produce triglycerides having C16-C18 fatty acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotrophic production of Chlorella sp. TISTR 8990—biomass growth and composition under various production conditions

Bouyam

Choorit

Sirisansaneeyakul

et al. 2017

Biotechnology Progress

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The green microalga Chlorella sp. TISTR 8990 was grown heterotrophically in the dark using various concentrations of a basal glucose medium with a carbon-to-nitrogen mass ratio of 29:1. The final biomass concentration and the rate of growth were highest in the fivefold concentrated basal glucose medium (25 g L glucose, 2.5 g L KNO ) in batch operations. Improving oxygen transfer in the culture by increasing the agitation rate and decreasing the culture volume in 500-mL shake flasks improved growth and glucose utilization. A maximum biomass concentration of nearly 12 g L was obtained within 4 days at 300 rpm, 30°C, with a glucose utilization of nearly 76% in batch culture. The total fatty acid (TFA) content of the biomass and the TFA productivity were 102 mg g and 305 mg L day , respectively. A repeated fed-batch culture with four cycles of feeding with the fivefold concentrated medium in a 3-L bioreactor was evaluated for biomass production. The total culture period was 11 days. A maximum biomass concentration of nearly 26 g L was obtained with a TFA productivity of 223 mg L day . The final biomass contained (w/w) 13.5% lipids, 20.8% protein and 17.2% starch. Of the fatty acids produced, 52% (w/w) were saturated, 41% were monounsaturated and 7% were polyunsaturated (PUFA). A low content of PUFA in TFA feedstock is required for producing high quality biodiesel. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1589-1600, 2017.

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Culturing Neochloris oleoabundans microalga in a nitrogen-limited, heterotrophic fed-batch system to enhance lipid and carbohydrate accumulation

Cited by 36 publications

References 41 publications

Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae: production of metabolites of commercial interest

Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae: production of metabolites of commercial interest

A multidomain enzyme, with glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities, is involved in a chloroplastic pathway for glycerol synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Heterotrophic production of Chlorella sp. TISTR 8990—biomass growth and composition under various production conditions

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