Cultured embryonic non‐innervated mouse muzzle is capable of generating a whisker pattern

Andrés, F.L.; Loos, H. Van der

doi:10.1016/0736-5748(83)90034-5

Cited by 22 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 49 publications

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“…In other epithelial appendages, sensory nerves apparently are not essential for initial organ formation. For example, whisker pads from E9 and E10 mouse embryos, cultured in the absence of innervation, generate a patterned array of vibrissa follicles (Andres and Van der Loos, 1983). On the other hand, there are data to support a role for nerves in directing establishment of spatial patterns of vibrissae (reviewed in Holbrook and Minami, 1991).…”

Section: Role Of Sensory Innervation In Gustatory Papilla Formation and Morphogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ cultures of embryonic rat tongue support tongue and gustatory papilla morphogenesis in vitro without intact sensory ganglia

Mbiene¹,

MacCallum²,

Mistretta³

1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

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Taste buds on the mammalian tongue are confined to the epithelium of three types of gustatory papillae: the fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate. The gustatory papillae are composed of an epithelium that covers a broad connective tissue core, with extensive innervation to taste bud and nongustatory epithelial locations. Although the temporal sequence of gustatory papilla development is known for several species, factors that regulate initiation, growth, and maintenance of the papillae are not understood. We tested the hypothesis that sensory innervation is required for the initial formation and early morphogenesis of fungiform papillae in a patterned array. An organ culture of the embryonic rat tongue was developed to provide an in vitro system for studying mechanisms involved in fungiform papilla morphogenesis in patterns on the anterior tongue. Tongues were dissected from embryos at 13 days of gestation (E13), a time when the tongue has not yet fully formed and gustatory papillae have not yet appeared, and at 14 days of gestation (E14), when the tongue is well formed and papillae make their initial morphological appearance. Dissected tongues were maintained at the gas/liquid interface in standard organ culture dishes, fed with DMEM/F12 plus 2% B-27 supplement and 1% fetal bovine serum. After 1, 2, 3, or 6 days in culture, tongues were processed for scanning electron or light microscopy, or immunocytochemistry. Tongues cultured from E13 or E14 underwent extensive morphogenesis and growth in vitro. Furthermore, fungiform papillae developed on these tongues on a culture day equivalent to E15 in vivo; that is, after 2 days for cultures begun at E13 and 1 day for those begun at E14. Because E15 is the characteristic time for gustatory papilla formation in the intact embryo, results demonstrate that the cultured tongues retain important temporal information related to papilla development. In addition, fungiform papillae formed in the tongue cultures in the stereotypic pattern of rows. The papillae were large structures with epithelial and mesenchymal cell integrity, and an intact epithelial basement membrane was indicated with laminin immunoreactivity. The cultures demonstrate that gustatory papilla morphogenesis can progress in the absence of an intact sensory innervation. To exclude a potential developmental role for autonomic ganglion cells that are located in the posterior rat tongue, cultures consisting of only the anterior half of E14 tongues were established. Fungiform papilla development progressed in half tongues in a manner directly comparable to whole tongue cultures. Therefore, robust, reproducible development of fungiform papillae in patterns is supported in rat tongue cultures from E13 or E14, without inclusion of intact sensory or major, posterior tongue autonomic ganglia. This is direct evidence that papillae will form and develop further in vitro without sensory ganglion support. The data also provide the first detailed account of in vitro development of the entire embryonic tongue.

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Section: Role Of Sensory Innervation In Gustatory Papilla Formation and Morphogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ cultures of embryonic rat tongue support tongue and gustatory papilla morphogenesis in vitro without intact sensory ganglia

Mbiene¹,

MacCallum²,

Mistretta³

1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

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The differentiation of the skin and its appendages. I. Normal development of papillary ridges

1992

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In the present study, the normal development of papillary ridges was studied in the volar pads of both fore and hindpaws of the opossum, Monodelphis domesticus. At birth, the developmental state of the opossum's paws is equivalent to that of a six-week human embryo. The development of papillary ridges in the opossum occurs entirely postnatally and the hindpaw lags behind the forepaw by at least four days in most developmental parameters. Papillary ridge formation is preceded by four events: skin innervation, Merkel cell differentiation, mesenchymal condensation, and epidermal proliferation. The apical pads at the tips of the digits and the interdigital pads between the heads of the metacarpals (or metatarsals) have a unique pattern of innervation and mesenchymal content as compared to the non-pad skin. Each pad is innervated by a prominent nerve trunk and axons ascend towards the epidermis providing a density of innervation that exceeds that in the non-pad epidermis. Merkel cells are absent in non-pad epidermis but present in the pads prior to the onset of formation of papillary ridges. A loose aggregation of mesenchyme forms the core of the pads and the superficial dermis is more cellular in the pads as compared to the equivalent dermis in surrounding non-pad skin. Developing papillary ridges always contained Merkel cell-axon complexes. Merkel cell axon complexes serve as the anatomical substrate of slowly adapting (SA) mechanoreceptors. The presence of these complexes during early skin differentiation is consistent with the use of the opossum's forepaw in climbing to the nipple, but also suggests other possible functions. We hypothesize that the nervous system might play a role in the timing or patterning of the formation of papillary ridges.

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Development of the spinal‐medullary projection from the mouse barrel field

Crandall¹,

Whitcomb²,

Caviness³

1985

J of Comparative Neurology

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Neurons in layer V of the murine posteromedial barrel subfield (PMBSF) project to structures at or caudal to the spinal-medullary junction. During postnatal development a reduction occurs in the density of the neurons which form this projection. In principle, three processes might be expected to contribute to this reduction: cell death, tissue growth, and axon pruning. Three different paradigms in which cells of origin of the projection are labeled retrogradely with True Blue, injected into the spinal-medullary junction, taken together with an estimate of the relative growth of layer V, provide separate estimates of the magnitude and rate of reduction consequent to these different processes during the first 3 postnatal weeks. The density of neurons in an index sector of layer V of the PMBSF which contribute to the projection at varied ages is estimated by injections made at a range of ages from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P16, with a survival of 4 days in each instance. Overall reduction in density is 80%. The component due primarily to axon pruning is estimated to be 50% by injections delivered at graded ages from P1 to P16 with survival to P20 in each instance. The component of the reduction attributable to increase in volume is estimated at 30% by a series of injections delivered at P1 with graded survival times from P5 through P20. A reduction due to cell death is not identified. The reduction in density due to tissue growth is essentially linear through the interval P5-P11. At all ages, neuronal somata of origin of the spinal-medullary projection are located within layer V. Subsequent to P15 they are confined to sublayer Vb; at earlier ages somata in Va and Vc also contribute axons to the projection. Although volume increase due to growth of the neuropil reduces the density of the population contributing to the projection equally in all three sublayers, final elimination of all contributions from Va and Vc depends upon axon pruning.

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Cultured embryonic non‐innervated mouse muzzle is capable of generating a whisker pattern

Cited by 22 publications

References 49 publications

Organ cultures of embryonic rat tongue support tongue and gustatory papilla morphogenesis in vitro without intact sensory ganglia

Organ cultures of embryonic rat tongue support tongue and gustatory papilla morphogenesis in vitro without intact sensory ganglia

The differentiation of the skin and its appendages. I. Normal development of papillary ridges

Development of the spinal‐medullary projection from the mouse barrel field

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