Culture transformation in Targowisko microregion. Trends of changes inside Danubian farmers

Abstract

The aim of this article is to deepen the discussion on the nature and mechanisms of culture change based on the analysis of newly acquired materials from the Targowisko settlement region. Three groups of materials were acquired (from narrow time horizons) related to the single-phase relics of Linienbandkeramik (Brzezie, site 40 and Targowisko, site 16) and Malice culture houses (Targowisko, site 14-15). The absolute chronology of the beginning of the late phase (III) LBK was established to be 5100-5000 BC, and the classic phase (Ib) of MC was dated to 4650-4550 BC. Selected threads of the cultural tradition (in the field of ceramic-making technology and ornamentation and flint-blade production technology) were passed on among families living in individual houses. Settlement analysis showed the relative instability of microregions, the increased mobility of small groups of people, and risky colonization attempts in Targowisko region. No evidence of direct, contemporaneous contact between the LBK and MC populations was found.
 Key words: LBK, Malice culture, early Neolithic, culture change, Targowisko region

The environmental context of Early Neolithic cultural transformation in the Targowisko settlement region

“…site 16 in Rzeszów; see Kadrow 2020a). The examined material points to the relative instability of the microregions, the increased mobility of small human groups, and to risky decisions about settlement (Kadrow et al 2021), noted also in many recently analysed regions, e.g. on the upper Danube (e.g.…”

“…This would support the earlier thesis that, as a result of lowering water levels, the basin is being drained and wetland plants and aquatic organisms are disappearing, and vegetation, including ferns, is invading the mire. However, if 14 C dates are correct, the palynological diagram presents the entire sequence of Early Neolithic settlement phases from LBK I to MC Ib, already reported from this region (Kadrow et al 2021).…”

“…Trends of changes inside Danubian farmers an interdisciplinary study". Other aspects of the investigations carried out within the project are presented in two articles published in this volume (Kadrow et al 2021;Rauba-Bukowska 2021). When combined with data concerning material culture, technology and economy (see Kadrow et al 2021;Rauba-Bukowska 2021), the information may contribute to resolving the question of whether the cultural transformation resulted from internal changes in the local Early Neolithic communities (e.g.…”

“…Other aspects of the investigations carried out within the project are presented in two articles published in this volume (Kadrow et al 2021;Rauba-Bukowska 2021). When combined with data concerning material culture, technology and economy (see Kadrow et al 2021;Rauba-Bukowska 2021), the information may contribute to resolving the question of whether the cultural transformation resulted from internal changes in the local Early Neolithic communities (e.g. Kadrow 2020a) or from the disappearance of the local LBK population and the arrival of new settlers from beyond the Carpathians, who developed the MC (e.g.…”

“…Kozłowski et al 2014). Considerations about the mechanisms of transformation, taking into account the results of environmentalnalyses, are contained in one of the two related articles (Kadrow et al 2021).…”