Culture of Shoot Apices of <i>Theobroma cacao</i>

Orchard, John E.; Collin, H. A.; Hardwick, K.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1979.tb06514.x

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Although efforts have been made to develop organogenesis-based propagation methods, cacao has proven to be recalcitrant to in vitro shoot regeneration and plant micropropagation (Orchard et al, 1979;Passey and Jones, 1983;Flynn et al, 1990;Figueira and Janick, 1994). Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis provides an alternative approach for clonal propagation of cacao.…”

Section: ]Ntroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from floral explants of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) using thidiazuron

Traore

Maximova

et al. 1998

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

129

155

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SUMMARYA procedure for the regeneration of cacao (Theobroma cacao) plants from staminode explants via somatic embryogenesis was developed. Rapidly growing calli were induced by culturing staminode explants on a DKW salts-based primary callus growth (PCG) medium supplemented with 20 g glucose per L, 9 ~M 2,4-D, and thidiazuron (TDZ) at various concentrations. Calli were subcultured onto a WPM salts-based secondary callus growth medium supplemented with 20 g glucose per L, 9 ltM 2,4-D, and 1.4 nM kinetin. Somatic embryos were formed from embryogenic calli following transfer to a hormonefree DKW salts-based embryo development medium containing sucrose. The concentration of TDZ used in PCG medium significantly affected the rate of callus growth, the frequency of embryogenesis, and the number of somatic embryos produced from each responsive explant. A TDZ concentration of 22.7 nM was found to be the optimal concentration for effective induction of somatic embryos from various cacao genotypes. Using this procedure, we recovered somatic embryos from all 19 tested cacao genotypes, representing three major genetic group types. However, among these genotypes, a wide range of variation was observed in both the frequency of embryogenesis, which ranged from 1 to 100%, and the average number of somatic embryos produced from each responsive explant, which ranged from 2 to 46. Two types of somatic embryos were identified on the hasis cff their visual appearance and growth behavior. A large number of cacao plants have been regenerated from somatic embryos and established in soil in a greenhouse. Plants showed morphological and growth characteristics similar to those of seed-derived plants. The described procedure may allow for the practical use of somatic embryogenesis for clonal propagation of elite cacao clones and other applications that require the production of a large number of plants from limited source materials.

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Section: ]Ntroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from floral explants of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) using thidiazuron

Traore

Maximova

et al. 1998

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

129

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There is a lack of consistency between inductive hormonal treatments with growth and development responses (Orchard et al, 1979;Passey and Jones, 1983;Janick and Whipkey, 1985;Blake and Maxwell, 1984;Legrand et at., 1984;Dufour and Dublin, 1985;Legrand and Mississo, 1986;Bertrand, 1987). There is a lack of consistency between inductive hormonal treatments with growth and development responses (Orchard et al, 1979;Passey and Jones, 1983;Janick and Whipkey, 1985;Blake and Maxwell, 1984;Legrand et at., 1984;Dufour and Dublin, 1985;Legrand and Mississo, 1986;Bertrand, 1987).…”

Section: Shoot Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic embryogenesis in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

Figueira¹,

Janick²

1995

Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants

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“…This would enable new varieties to be introduced rapidly and virus-free stocks can be produced. Shoot tip culture (Orchard et al, 1979) has not yet been successful in cacao (Table 4). Callus and in some cases, callus with roots, has been successfully obtained from various tissues including cambium from mature stems (Archibald, 1954), seedling root, stem, hypocotyl, cotyledon (Hall and Collin, 1975), embryo and somatic tissue of anthers (Prior, 1977).…”

Section: Beverage Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Biotechnology in Forestry and Horticulture

Dhawan¹

1990

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Land is the most fundamental resource of a country and as a result of the high rate of population growth in India, the pressure to produce more food, fodder, timber and fuelwood from the available land is intense. Land use, therefore, needs judicious planning. India has about 130 Mha of wastelands. Wastelands are defined as lands that are degraded and are lying unutilised due to constraints such as salinity, alkalinity, waterlogging, wind and water erosion, etc. Since wastelands are degraded and unsuitable for agriculture, they can be utilised to meet the growing demand for fuelwood, fodder, small timber and industrial wood. Not only do we have to reclaim the wastelands but we should also try and protect our forest cover which is being depleted at the rate of 1.3 Mha per year. Efforts are also required to step up the existing per hectare yield of 0.2 m 3 to 2-3 m 3 • The need of the hour is a quantum jump in existing afforestation targets. The plan is to afforest wastelands at a rate of 5 Mha per annum. Such large-scale plantations will demand a large amount of planting material (seeds or seedlings) and in order to achieve higher yields, it is important that 4 Ram achan dran these planting materials are of good quality. This means a high yielding plant which is also resistant to different diseases and pests. Such plants can be obtained by conventional methods of tree breeding and non-conventional methods of genetic engineering and somatic hybridisation. Unlike annual crops, the breeding behavior of trees is complex and their life-cycle long. Therefore, it takes many years to produce a variety with desirable traits. However, the development of modern non-conventional methods of genetic engineering, tissue culture and somatic hybridisation has offered new ways to enhance forest productivity more rapidly. By these methods, it has become possible to develop such varieties of ornamental and crop plants, with many desirable traits such as fast growth, high yield, disease resistance, herbicide and stress tolerance, etc. in a much shorter time than that taken by the conventional methods. However, this quick, non-conventional methodology of producing plants is very expensive. Since both the methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, it will be prudent to combine the conventional methods and the new methods of biotechnology to increase productivity, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in order to achieve the desired goals. CHOICE OF TREESForests constitute the base for agriculture, animal husbandry, industrial development and, thus, all-round development. A dense forest cover is also required for a healthy environment, as deforestation leads to environmental degradation, soil erosion, recurrent floods, droughts and desertification. India's forest area is about 64.20 Mha which constitutes about 19.52 percent of the total geographic area of the country (National Natural Resource Monitoring System, 1987, of the Department of Space, Government of India). With less than 2 percent of the world's forest area, we are ...

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Culture of Shoot Apices of Theobroma cacao

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from floral explants of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) using thidiazuron

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from floral explants of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) using thidiazuron

Somatic embryogenesis in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

Applications of Biotechnology in Forestry and Horticulture

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