Culture of Copepods and Applications to Marine Finfish Larval Rearing in Taiwan

Su, Huei‐Meei; Cheng, Shin-Hong; Chen, Tzyy‐Ing; Su, Mao‐Sen

doi:10.1002/9780470277522.ch14

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The survival rate was in agreement with the initial glass vial experiments. Similar observation was reported by Huei-Meei Su et al (2005) in the production of Apocyclops royi. When fed with Tetraselmis sp., A. royi matured earlier and produced more offsprings, than copepods fed with other 10 diets.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Observations on the laboratory culture of the harpacticoid copepod Euterpina acutifrons (Dana, 1847) using different diets

Jasmine

George²,

Lazarus³

2016

Indian J. Fish.

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Hatching success, nauplii production, maturation and survival of the harpacticoid copepod Euterpina acutifrons (Dana, 1847) fed on mono/mixed culture of Isochrysis galbana, Tetraselmis gracilis, Chaetoceros calcitrans and Chlorella marina were studied. The time taken for E. acutifrons to mature was the lowest with a diet of I. galbana followed by C. calcitrans. Percentage of survival was highest with a mixed diet of 75% I. galbana and 25% C. calcitrans (84%) followed by T. gracilis (68%). The study also revealed that both feed type and concentration played significant role in production and survival of E. acutifrons. Mixed diet of I.galbana and C. calcitrans showed maximum adult production followed by a diet of T.gracilis. The mean values of all the three stages of the copepod viz., adults, ovigerous females and copepodite-nauplii were found much greater in the treatment with replacement of the culture medium and feed. Mass culture using different organic feeds was also carried out and it was found that mean growth in terms of adult stage production was found to be higher when fed with rice bran followed by groundnut oil cake (GOC) and the least in cow dung treatment. In rice bran treatment, copepodites showed higher production rate when compared to the other two feeds. Mean growth in terms of nauplii production was also higher in rice bran fed group followed by GOC fed group and the least in cow dung treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Observations on the laboratory culture of the harpacticoid copepod Euterpina acutifrons (Dana, 1847) using different diets

Jasmine

George²,

Lazarus³

2016

Indian J. Fish.

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“…When nitrogen and oxygen are non‐limiting, larger diatoms are normally favoured, leading to higher copepod productions (Støttrup 2003). Significant quantities of marine fish juveniles produced based on extensive copepod production have been described for grouper in Philipines (Toledo et al 1999; Toledo et al 2005) and Taiwan (Liao, Su & Chang 2001; Su, Cheng, Chen & Su 2005), red snapper in the United States (Ogle et al 2005), flounder in France, cod in Norway and turbot in Norway and Denmark (Støttrup 2003). However, copepods produced extensively in ponds may cause mass mortalities in grouper, through transmission of viruses (VNN) and parasites ( Amyloodinium sp.…”

Section: Copepods and Other Natural Zooplanktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Copepods and Other Natural Zooplanktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live feeds for early stages of fish rearing

Conceição

Yúfera

Makridis

et al. 2010

Aquaculture Research

358

282

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Despite the recent progress in the production of inert diets for fish larvae, feeding of most species of interest for aquaculture still relies on live feeds during the early life stages. Independently of their nutritional value, live feeds are easily detected and captured, due to their swimming movements in the water column, and highly digestible, given their lower nutrient concentration (water content>80%). The present paper reviews the main types of live feeds used in aquaculture, their advantages and pitfalls, with a special emphasis on their nutritional value and the extent to which this can be manipulated. The most commonly used live feeds in aquaculture are rotifers (Brachionus sp.) and brine shrimp (Artemia sp.), due to the existence of standardized cost‐effective protocols for their mass production. However, both rotifers and Artemia have nutritional deficiencies for marine species, particularly in essential n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA, e.g., docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid). Enrichment of these live feeds with HUFA‐rich lipid emulsions may lead to an excess dietary lipid and sub‐optimal dietary protein content for fish larvae. In addition, rotifers and Artemia are likely to have sub‐optimal dietary levels of some amino acids, vitamins and minerals, at least for some species. Several species of microalgae are also used in larviculture. These are used as feed for other live feeds, but mostly in the ‘green water’ technique in fish larval rearing, with putative beneficial effects on feeding behaviour, digestive function, nutritional value, water quality and microflora. Copepods and other natural zooplankton organisms have also been used as live feeds, normally with considerably better results in terms of larval survival rates, growth and quality, when compared with rotifers and Artemia. Nonetheless, technical difficulties in mass‐producing these organisms are still a constraint to their routine use. Improvements in inert microdiets will likely lead to a progressive substitution of live feeds. However, complete substitution is probably years away for most species, at least for the first days of feeding.

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“…Examples of extensive copepod cultures are listed in Table 1. Significant quantities of marine fish juveniles produced based on extensive copepod production have been described for grouper in Philipines (Toledo et al 1999(Toledo et al , 2005 and Taiwan (Liao et al 2001;Su et al 2005), red snapper in the United States (Ogle et al 2005), flounder in France, cod in Norway and turbot in Norway and Denmark (Støttrup 2003). Extensive production in extensive systems is normally based on microalgae blooms induced by an agricultural fertilizer (Conceição et al 2009).…”

Section: Copepod Culture Systemsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, copepods produced extensively in ponds may cause mass mortalities in grouper, through transmission of viruses (VNN) and parasites (Amyloodinium sp. and gill flukes) (Su et al 2005). The mass mortalities recorded in the marine fish species could be attributed to the parasitic contamination of the copepods harvested directly from the natural environment or microalgae blooms induced by an agricultural fertilizer in the pond.…”

Section: Copepod Culture Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the use of copepods in marine fish larviculture

Ajiboye

Yakubu

Adams

et al. 2010

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

101

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In spite of the growing interest and success obtained using cultured-copepods, their use in marine aquaculture remains sporadic. Besides, mass culture of several marine copepods has been well established by several authors. However, the upscale of copepod cultures to commercial levels is still a challenge. The practice of using wild copepods from natural ponds which thus increases the risk of parasitic infections of most species has limited their application in aquaculture. The present paper thus emphasizes on recent research efforts focused on the use of chemical treatments and freeze-thawing methods to eradicate procercoids from copepods. Research efforts focused on copepod culture systems which subsequently improved and refined their culture in marine fish larviculture are also well discussed. Advances in the use of copepod eggs as potential source of nauplii for marine fish larvae with special emphasis on the viability, storage conditions and biochemical compositions of the copepod eggs are underscored. Additionally, recent advances in the biochemical compositions (protein, amino acids, pigments, and vitamins) of copepods, which has received relatively little attention compared to researches on the lipid and fatty acid compositions are well emphasized. Specific recommended areas for further research are also proffered.

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Culture of Copepods and Applications to Marine Finfish Larval Rearing in Taiwan

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

Observations on the laboratory culture of the harpacticoid copepod Euterpina acutifrons (Dana, 1847) using different diets

Observations on the laboratory culture of the harpacticoid copepod Euterpina acutifrons (Dana, 1847) using different diets

Live feeds for early stages of fish rearing

A review of the use of copepods in marine fish larviculture

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