Culture, gender, and the first memories of black and white American students

Fitzgerald, Joseph M.

doi:10.3758/mc.38.6.785

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Indeed, AM studies have demonstrated that females' memory descriptions contain more communal expressions than males' do (Buckner & Fivush, 1998, 2000Ely, Melzi, Hadge, & McCabe, 1998;Niedźwieńska, 2003; Study 2, Thorne & McLean, 2002), and refer more to others than themselves (Study 2, Fitzgerald, 2010;Han, Leichtman, & Wang, 1998;Niedźwieńska, 2003;Wang, Leichtman, & White, 1998). Further, females rate the function of AMs higher in intimacy maintenance than males do (Pillemer, Wink, DiDonato, & Sanborn, 2003).…”

Section: Communal and Agentic Expressionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research investigating gender differences in AM has predominately measured the manifest content, using manual coding, and in most cases found that females describe their memories in more emotional and communal terms than do males (e.g. Bauer et al, 2003;Study 2;Fitzgerald, 2010;Niedźwieńska, 2003;Thorne & McLean, 2002). Only a few studies investigating AM content have used LIWC (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender differences in autobiographical memory: females latently express communality more than do males

Karlsson

Sikström

Jönsson

et al. 2019

Journal of Cognitive Psychology

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Gender differences have been found in several aspects of autobiographical memory (i.e. personally experienced events). For example, previous studies have shown that females' autobiographical memories contain more communal and emotional expressions than do males. However, an important question concerns whether these differences can be observed both in the manifest content (i.e. what is actually said) and in the latent content (i.e. the underlying meaning of what is said). In the present exploratory study, we extended the current knowledge concerning gender differences in autobiographical memory by investigating the manifestly expressed words, as well as the latently expressed words in autobiographical memory descriptions. We observed an overall gender difference in the latent content of the autobiographical memories. Furthermore, females latently described their memories in more communal terms than males did. No other gender differences were found. Our results indicate that females' autobiographical memories are more communally oriented than male's.

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Section: Communal and Agentic Expressionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in autobiographical memory: females latently express communality more than do males

Karlsson

Sikström

Jönsson

et al. 2019

Journal of Cognitive Psychology

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“…Further exploratory analyses were conducted based on reported ethnicity because of prior work suggesting that various non-White ethnic groups may value interdependence more highly than White groups (see Fitzgerald, 2010). Our sample included 92 White and 34 non-White participants (see demographics).…”

Section: Core Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming Feminine Typical Traits Does Not Change Autobiographical Memory Narrative Content

Grysman

Wang

2021

Collabra: Psychology

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Gender differences in autobiographical memory have been reported in many studies using narrative coding of features including emotion word use, connectedness to others, and event specific details, with women using more of these narrative features than men. The current pair of studies explored if these narrative tendencies are linked to a sense of self being feminine, by priming female participants to rate themselves on stereotypically feminine trait terms related to emotionality and relationships. In study 1, an online study, participants provided one high point and one low point memory narrative, either in a priming or control group. Narrative coding only differed between the prime and control groups on one of five narrative coded variables, and order effects suggested that the prime may not have been strong enough to influence the second narrative or low point narratives. Study 2 remedied methodological concerns by conducting in-person data collection, strengthening the prime, and eliciting only high point narratives. In study 2, no effects of the prime were found on narrative coded variables. Findings suggest these narrative variables are not influenced by priming femininity and contribute to a growing literature that is deepening an understanding of the source of gender differences in autobiographical memory.

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“…The most straightforward approach is simply to ask adults about their earliest memories (e.g. Bruce et al, 2005; Fitzgerald, 2010; Henri and Henri, 1898; Howes et al, 1993; Kingo et al, 2013; MacDonald et al, 2000; Mullen, 1994; Peterson et al, 2009; Rabbitt and McInnis, 1988; Wang, 2001). Results obtained with this approach reveal the following general trends: for respondents from Western cultures, the mean age of the earliest memory is typically 3–4 years (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adults’ earliest memories of songs and melodies based on a large stratified sample

2015

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Most parents sing to their children. Yet, little is known regarding how early musical experiences are retained later in life. This study is a first attempt to fill this gap in the literature. Based on the stratified sample, we asked 973 adults about their first memories of a song or melody. The results revealed that adults' earliest memories of a song or melody generally were predated by memories for other events; thus, the music memories were not the very earliest memories. The earliest memories for musical experiences were rated as typical, fragmented, and positive. Women reported earlier music memories than men. Current age had no impact on the age of the earliest music memories, but older respondents rated their memories as more vivid. The reported parental communication quality during childhood was reliably related to the age and characteristics of the earliest music memories.

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Culture, gender, and the first memories of black and white American students

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

Gender differences in autobiographical memory: females latently express communality more than do males

Gender differences in autobiographical memory: females latently express communality more than do males

Priming Feminine Typical Traits Does Not Change Autobiographical Memory Narrative Content

Adults’ earliest memories of songs and melodies based on a large stratified sample

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