Culture Consumption Shift to Mitigate the Climate Emergency

Abstract

The built form of the South African post-apartheid city continues to perpetuate the paradigm that only one culture is available for consumption. Culture is consumed by South Africans who form part of a nation diverse in culture, and by an international tourist market, seeking the provision of diverse cultural experiences. Yet, most African cultural artifacts are found encased in colonial architecture museums, where the narrative is restricted to the observed, and where the cultures are entombed and thereby unable to reach out and affect the city around it. This places these cultures as either historical records and artifacts, or something foreign to the city, belonging to the fringes of the post-apartheid city, and not as an existing way of living that is held by city dwellers that lacks places that allow them to bear fruit and serve. In this paper, the authors argue that there is an opportunity to provide built form interventions that will accommodate the many cultures alive and active within South Africa. These cultures may be represented in built form, as a facilitator for first-hand experience, and may then further establish a market for cultural consumption and contemporary tourism that is more authentic. To do so, secondary data is presented on the current social and economic melee of how culture is consumed as a value-add good product in the post-apartheid city. Furthermore, two cultural architectural interventions are presented as case studies. A conceptual framework is constructed, showcasing the lessons learned, as well as expanding the conversation around culture, consumption, and climate – as well as how responsible tourism may support positive responses to each. By introducing the climate emergency, architecture’s complicity in driving consumption is further exposed. An argument is presented whereby existing architectural interventions in the post-apartheid city are shown to fall short in their attempts to transform the city away from the colonial capitalist linear economy consumption practices that degrade the environment. The paper concludes with a vision for future architectural interventions that better succeed in providing space and place for diverse cultural inclusion, thoughtful consumption patterns and climate change mitigation. There is a market for the consumption of culture as an experience. An indigenous circular economy of locally produced, and locally consumed culture is an alternative to current human consumption patterns that damage the environment.

An Assessment of Cultural Places of Interest in Tshwane to Inform a Tourism Shift From Colonial to Indigenous Towards Decolonisation

“…For this paper, post-apartheid cities are premised to be the built-form legacy of a divided past. The city fabric is alien to most of its inhabitants as it is a mirage of identity and culture, which the culturally diverse indigenous city dweller struggles to relate to (Sesana, Thomas & van Tonder, 2022). The status quo extends to all activities, including the tourist market, a sector that contributed ZAR 130,1 billion directly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2018 and accounted for 4,5% of employment in South Africa (StatsSA, 2021a).…”

“…The identity of a city is closely tied to the elements of the city one experiences. Tourism is an experience where one takes oneself out of their culture and places themselves into a new one through immersion, while being given information about the process of formation (history) of that experience (Sesana, Thomas & van Tonder, 2022). Transformation of the post-apartheid city occurs on multiple fronts and the consumption of culture as a tourist attraction is one such front.…”

Os custos dos ambientes desiguais e insustentáveis

“…O esgotamento dos recursos naturais que leva, principalmente, a insustentabilidade e as emergências climáticas (WOOD, 2022) e o aquecimento global (BLANK, 2015), são os principais agentes desorganizadores do meio ambiente, oriundos de uma relação doentia do homem com o mundo natural (SESANA et al, 2022) A preocupação com a sustentabilidade e as desigualdades surgem como a marca de um processo de crescimento econômico que nega a natureza, como se esta fosse um baú de infindáveis recursos naturais. O custo para a sobrevivência humana são os eventos extremos que estão ficando cada vez mais frequentes.…”