Culture and Group Processes

Kavanagh, Christopher; Yuki, Masaki

doi:10.9707/2307-0919.1154

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The relational self refers to aspects of the self in relation to significant others, such as romantic partners, friends, and relatives, while the collective self refers to aspects of the self in relation to memberships in social groups, such as one's organization or one's community (Qin et al, 2022). Both the relational self and the collective self are important for people in collectivist-oriented countries, such as China, but the relational self often takes precedence over the collective self (Kavanagh & Yuki, 2017). Qin et al (2022) further prove that in a context of higher collective orientation, people prioritize relational goals over group goals when the two are in conflict, thereby challenging the idea that teams from more collectivistic cultures tend to perform better.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reject bias: A dialectical perspective on the relationship between bottom‐line mentality and unethical pro‐organizational behaviour

Zhang,

Zhou,

et al. 2023

Asian J of Social Psycho

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There is a “positive–negative” debate on the development of the bottom‐line mentality (BLM) concept. Previous research showed a relationship between BLM and unethical pro‐organizational behaviour (UPB) and revealed that BLM positively affected UPB. This research aims to challenge this partial view and calls for a more balanced and comprehensive view of the BLM concept by revealing the potential negative influencing mechanism between BLM and UPB. Drawing from social information processing theory, we construct a moderated‐mediation model to test the mediating mechanism through different individual‐level processes in the Chinese context. Findings indicate that team BLM positively affects member UPB via state performance‐prove goal orientation and perceived insider status and negatively affects member UPB via state performance‐avoid goal orientation. These results confirm the overall positive relationship between team BLM and member UPB but also document the possible inhibitory mechanism of BLM on UPB. This study is the first to acknowledge the potential negative relationship between BLM and UPB, which deserves attention. This research also presents a complete picture of the BLM literature. The findings of this work have significant implications in enabling organizations to appropriately handle BLM and its relationship with UPB dynamically.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reject bias: A dialectical perspective on the relationship between bottom‐line mentality and unethical pro‐organizational behaviour

Zhang,

Zhou,

et al. 2023

Asian J of Social Psycho

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“…At first glance this might seem to contradict the claims made by scholars such as Reader and Tanabe (1998) about the centrality of this worldly benefits within Japanese religion. However, the contradiction largely depends on how classifies prayers for family and friends in an intragroup collectivist social context (Kavanagh and Yuki 2013;Yuki and Takemura 2014). Furthermore, as per the arguments presented by Fujiwara (2019) and Yanagawa (Yanagawa 1991;Yanagawa et al 1978) it may have been more instructive to focus our items on relationships (with others, groups, and deities) rather than on 'worldly benefits' (genze riyaku 現世利益).…”

Section: Frequency Of Festival Attendance Per Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Japan Religious?

Kavanagh¹,

Jong²

2019

Preprint

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The popular image of Japan and religion presents something of a paradox. On the one hand, large cross-cultural surveys frequently present Japan as a country of non-believers, where only 10-15% of the population self-identify as religious and the vast majority rank religion as being of little importance to their lives. Yet, any visitor to Japan is likely to be struck by the sheer number of Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples that dot the landscape and the diverse array of festivals (matsuri) that are performed at these sites. In this paper, we argue that the apparent paradox is actually an illusion generated by the unwarranted ethnocentric assumption that religion everywhere must resemble the features of the Abrahamic faiths that are predominant in Western societies. To make our case we first review recurrent theoretical and definitional debates concerning religion and examine how they relate to the Japanese context. Second, we explore patterns in contemporary data from an online survey of N =1,000 Japanese that asked about religious beliefs and practices. We illustrate through the results obtained that to understand religion in Japan it is necessary to move beyond theocentric approaches and expectations that religious belief must be tied to religious identities or exclusive membership in a given tradition. To conclude, we argue that the patterns observed in Japan demonstrate that scholars who wish to explore religion cross-culturally need to take greater account of orthopraxic cultural contexts and distinguish between 'theocentric' doctrinal beliefs and broader supernatural beliefs.

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“…The collective self refers to aspects of the self in relation to memberships in social groups, such as one’s organization or one’s community. Although both the relational self and the collective self are more important for people in prototypically collectivistic cultures (e.g., Japan, China) than in individualistic cultures (e.g., the United States, the United Kingdom), the relational self often takes precedence over the collective self in collectivistic cultures (Brewer & Yuki, 2007; Kavanagh & Yuki, 2017; Yuki & Takemura, 2013). Indeed, Yamagishi’s influential theory of culture and trust posits that compared to individualistic cultures, such as the United States, people in collectivistic cultures, such as Japan prefer “dealing with others through personal relations” (Yamagishi & Yamagishi, 1994, p. 130).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Collectivism Impairs Team Performance When Relational Goals Conflict With Group Goals

Qin

Yam

et al. 2022

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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This research challenges the idea that teams from more collectivistic cultures tend to perform better. We propose that in contexts in which there are tradeoffs between group goals (i.e., what is best for the group) and relational goals (i.e., what is best for one’s relationships with specific group members), people in less collectivistic cultures primarily focus on group goals but those in more collectivistic cultures focus on both group and relational goals, which can lead to suboptimal decisions. An archival analysis of 100 years of data across three major competitive team sports found that teams from more collectivistic nations consistently underperformed, even after controlling for a number of nation and team characteristics. Three follow-up studies with 108 Chinese soccer players, 109 Singapore students, and 119 Chinese and the U.S. adults provided evidence for the underlying mechanism (i.e., prioritizing relational goals over group goals). Overall, this research suggests a more balanced view of collectivism, highlighting an important context in which collectivism can impair team performance.

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Culture and Group Processes

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Reject bias: A dialectical perspective on the relationship between bottom‐line mentality and unethical pro‐organizational behaviour

Reject bias: A dialectical perspective on the relationship between bottom‐line mentality and unethical pro‐organizational behaviour

Is Japan Religious?

Collectivism Impairs Team Performance When Relational Goals Conflict With Group Goals

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